Maize is the main crop for Mexicans; however, it is affected by species of fungi causing ear rot. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of T. asperellum T11, T. harzianum T1 4 y T. longibrachiatum T1 40 on some agronomic variables of four maize genotypes. The seeds of the genotypes H-515, Zapata 7, and H-507 were treated with a suspension of Trichoderma spp. to 1 × 10 8 spores mL −1 , using a control (untreated seed), and Benomyl as chemical control. The planting was in Morelos, in a completely random block design with a factorial arrangement. The ear rot was natural. Data were obtained at the end of the crop cycle and processed in SAS 9.4 ® . H-515 genotype had the greatest effect on the treatment of maize seeds with Trichoderma spp. (5.562 kg); T. asperellum T11 was the strain that stood out with a mean yield of 50 ears in an area of 16 m 2 of 4.904 kg, and control of 4.448 kg. Our results are an economic option for farmers to contemplate the use of Trichoderma and obtain its benefits.

Environmental factors influence positively or negatively for the establishment of natural pine s regeneration, which may be linked to forest fires. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the environmental variables that influence the establishment of natural pines regeneration in impacted areas under three fire severity conditions (no fire, moderate fire and extreme fire) in pine - oak forests (Pinus lumholtzii BL Rob. & Fernald, Pinus devoniana Lindl., Pinus oocarpa Scheide, Quercus castanea Née, Quercus magnoliifolia Née) in the state of Jalisco (Mexico). For this purpose, different parameters of natural regeneration were evaluated: trees, live and dead fuels in circular sites of ~400 m2. Correlation analyses were performed with the data obtained to identify the most significant variables, and to use them in the stepwise regression analyses to identify predictor variables useful for the definition of the model for the estimation of natural pine regeneration in areas affected by fire. The analyzes showed that the "stepwise" process presents the best model with an R2 of 0.6837 and an AIC of 568.58, selecting the following variables: dry weight of herbs, height of shrubs, crown diameter of shrubs and grasses, 10 hour fuels and exposure. Subsequently, considering the mean square of the error as the main criterion, a comparison was made of the models resulting from the combination of these variables, with the best model excluding the dry weight of herbs. It is concluded that the establishment of the natural regeneration of pine is associated with certain variables of ground cover, understory and relief.

Species distribution models identify regions with ideal environmental characteristics for the establishment and proliferation of species. The chayote is a crop that originated and domesticated in Mexico; however, it is cultivated in different parts of the world due to its nutritional and pharmaceutical importance. The objective of this research was to locate the potential distribution of S. edule in Japan supported on seven machine learning models, to also determine which bioclimatic variables influence its distribution, and which are the most suitable regions for its establishment. Thirty-one occurrence points, elevation, and the bioclimatic variables bio1, bio3, bio4, bio7, bio8, bio12, bio14, bio15, and bio17 were used to infer the models. Hundred percent of the occurrence points coincided with the Cfa climate distributed in Acrisol (60.9%), Andosol (17.4%), Cambisol (13%), Fluvisol (4.35%), and Gleysol (4.35%) soil. The Maxent model reported the highest AUC value (0.93), while the GLM obtained the best TSS value (0.84); the SVM model reported the largest suitability area ≥ 0.5 with 100,394.4 km2. Temperature-related variables were the major contributors to the models and the ones explaining the distribution limits of S. edule in Japan. The coastal eastern prefectures of Kantō, Chūbu, Kinki, Chūgoku, Kyūshū, and Shikoku regions showed a suitability ≥ 0.5.