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Palabras clave: tradición clásica-farmacia siríacafarmacia árabe-El libro de las medicinas-Hierá de Archigénes The Pharmaceutical literature in Syriac, Greek, and Arabic languages: the case of Hiera of Archigenes

ResumenEl siguiente artículo presenta un estudio bíblico-farmacéutico sobre algunos de los medicamentos que aparecen en la Sagrada Escritura, ofreciendo un conocimiento histórico-farmacéutico básico, sólido y con fundamento científico. Se analizarán so lamente las drogas que se utilizaban con una finalidad terapéutica, específicamen te: el vino, el aceite, la sal, el higo, la bilis de pescado y se señalarán otras menciones menores (mandrágora, colirio, etc). En cada caso, se llevará a cabo un trabajo de comparación con antiguas farmacopeas de diversas procedencias. Finalmente, se presentarán brevemente algunos términos relacionados a la farmacia.

During the Late antiquity, several works by Galen (2nd–3th CE.) were translated into Syriac for the first time by Sergius of Rēšʽaynā (6th CE.), starting up the Hippocratic-Galenic medicine in Syriac Language. Based on these translations, there arouse novel versions of compound medicines in Syriac, such as the “Apostles’ Ointment” which is found in The Book of Medicines, possibly from Abassid period, edited and translated by E.A.W. Budge in 1913, which contains more ancient Syriac medical prescriptions. The textual pharmaceutical study regarding the therapeutic uses and qualitative composition of the ‘Apostles’ Ointment’, and its comparison with a kind of plaster (barbaros) which appears in various Late antiquity Greek recipes (Galen, Oribasius, Aetius of Amida, and Paul of Aegina), reveal the micro-transformations suffered to a new and final Syriac Christian version which we here introduce.