This study evaluated bone regeneration and osseointegration of hydroxyapatite (HA) coated and titanium plasma sprayed (TPS) implants placed in sockets immediately after extraction in 36 adults, mean age 55.2 years (range 26 to 81 years). Twelve TPS and 10 HA‐coated implants in 20 patients were grafted with demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA), covered with a barrier material, and the facial flap coronally positioned to attain primary closure (experimental). The remaining 11 TPS and 10 HAcoated implants were placed similarly, except that no DFDBA was used (control). Osseous structures were measured at the initial placement and 6‐month re‐entry surgeries. At the 6‐month re‐entry, all implants placed were clinically osseointegrated. Bone resorption at the most coronal socket crest was −1.53 mm for the grafted group and −1.59 mm for the control group. Crestal bone apposition of 1.39 mm was noted at the most apical socket crest (ASC) for the grafted group, whereas crestal resorption of −0.11 mm was noted in the ungrafted control group (P < 0.02). Bone fill from the base of the deepest osseous defect was 5.68 mm for the grafted group and 3.18 mm for the control group (P < 0.04). Complete resolution of osseous defects occurred at 15 of 22 sites in the grafted group and at 9 of 21 sites in the control group. Clinical exposure of the barrier material and a subsequent inflammatory response at 27 of 43 sites, required removal of the material prior to the 6‐month re‐entry and was associated with significantly more bone loss at the ASC sites (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference for any of the parameters when comparing the TPS with the HA‐coated implants. J Periodontol 1994;65:881–891.

The non-inferiority of the peer outcomes and the mentioned improvements in this group suggest that volunteer trained peer educators and ongoing support can be successful. This approach provides an effective alternative method of education, especially in areas with limited availability of professionals and economic resources.

Dental implants placed in irradiated bone have a greater risk for failure. Survival is significantly influenced by the location of the implant (maxilla or mandible, anterior or posterior).

Systemic BMD and osteoporotic status are not associated with local jawbone quality. Implants placed in good-quality bone, as assessed subjectively by the surgeon at the time of implant placement, have significantly better survival characteristics than implants placed in moderate-/poor-quality bone.

There was no significant difference in survival when implants were placed in native or grafted bone in irradiated head and neck cancer patients. For implants placed in native bone, survival was significantly influenced by the location of the implant (maxilla or mandible, anterior or posterior).