No Brasil, grande parte da malha rodoviária ainda é composta por estradas não pavimentadas, ou seja, que não possuí a superfície de rolamento revestida por material asfálticos, concreto ou por alvenaria poliédrica e mesmo com tamanha importância socioeconômica, é comum a situação de estado inadequado das condições de trafegabilidade em muita dessas estradas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as condições de uma estrada não pavimentada situada no município de Santa Maria da Boa Vista – PE, partindo da aplicação do método Unsurfaced Road Condition Index (URCI). A metodologia utilizada consistiu na identificação e análise das patologias atuantes na superfície da estrada, verificando a densidade e o nível de severidade apresentados em cada um dos defeitos presentes, conforme o manual técnico TM 5-626, reproduzido pelo Departamento do Exercito dos EUA, possibilitando, ao final da análise, a classificação da condição em que se encontra a via. Esse procedimento foi repetido em todas as unidades amostrais devidamente localizadas em trechos distribuídos ao longo da via. Ao fim das análises, obteve-se um valor de URCI médio = 59,2 determinando, dessa forma, a classificação geral da estrada em análise como BOA. O método demostrou ser de fácil execução, podendo ser uma boa opção de ferramenta para o auxilio à gestão destas estradas.

This article presents an evaluation of the influence on the natural carbonation process of the use of granite cutting residue as a replacement for fine aggregate in mortars. The methodology adopted consisted of replacing the fine aggregate with granite cutting residue, analysing the carbonation depth with the aid of an experimental planning matrix of 23 + 3 repetitions at the central point. The influence of the exposure time, the percentage of residue in the mixture, and the particle size of the residue used were evaluated. The exposure time variable was found to have the greatest influence on the carbonation process. Under the conditions analysed, granite residue was found to be beneficial, reducing the carbonation depth.

Lignocellulosic wastes are the most abundant in the world and there is currently a global concern to harness them as biomass to produce cellulosic ethanol, being possible due to the materials being rich in cellulose. The main goal of this work is to produce the delignification from Sweet Sorghum waste free from extractives as well as the physico-chemical characterization in the natural state after being delignificated aiming to remove the lignin that acts as a barrier preventing access of the enzyme to the cellulose in the enzymatic hydrolysis processes. The following tests were performed: moisture, ash, cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, AR, extractives, XRD and SEM. Aftter the procedure of delignification, it was characterized as cellulose, lignin, XRD and SEM to check if there was removal of the lignin and if there was no change in crystallinity. The characterization showed that the Sweet Sorghum waste is a viable alternative for the production of bioethanol and proved to be an important source of cellulose presenting a content of glucose of 45.99 ± 0.63% and a lignin content of 14.63 ± 0.23%. The Sweet Sorghum waste was deslignificated by pulping with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) process, using as an experimental tool design type 23 with 3 replications at the center point, to evaluate the effect of independent variables temperature, such as concentration of the NaOH solution and the time dependent variable in the delignification. The planning showed through the Pareto ́s diagram that the most influential variable in the process was the concentration which showed a response of 75.1258 and a greater interaction occurred on the variables temperature and concentration with a response of 1.653117. The regression model as well as being a statistically significant predictor, also presents a reason F calculated and F tabulated of 10.10 and achieving a maximum yield of 57.85% delignification. After delignification processes the waste showed a rate of 5.81 ± 0.18% lignin and 43.13 ± 0.53% cellulose , as well as an increase in crystallinity, verified by analysis of SEM and XRD .

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