This paper investigates synchronic variation in the lexical and grammatical environm ents of the German lexical verb verdienen 'earn', 'deserve'. In its lexical uses, verdienen co-occurs w ith an object noun phrase whose head is either concrete (e.g. Geld 'm oney') or, more commonly, abstract (e.g. Beachtung 'attention'). W hen it is used more grammatically w ith deontic m odal meaning, verdienen is followed by a passive or active infinitive. This paper uses collostructional analyses to contrast lexical and grammatical uses in terms of the m ost strongly attracted lexical items, w hich are grouped into semantic classes. The results reflect different degrees of host-class expansion (cf. Him m elm ann 2004), whereby the collexemes of verdienen expand from concrete to abstract and their morpho-syntactic contexts from nom inal to infinitival complement and subsequently from passive to active. Synchronic distribution can thus serve as a window on diachronic development (Kuteva 2001), in this case the rise of a deontic m odality marker.
Construction grammar – most notably Cognitive Construction Grammar (Goldberg 2006), Radical Construction Grammar (Croft 2001) and Cognitive Grammar (Langacker 2008) – has been extremely inspiring in providing tools for modelling gradience in variation and change. Verbal constructions have been investigated within the paradigm of construction grammar from a number of angles including idiomaticization processes as well as argument structure constructions (Boas 2003; Engelberg 2009; Faulhaber 2011; Goldberg 1995; Rostila 2007). Usage-based approaches (Barlow & Kemmer 2000; Bybee & Hopper 2001; Diessel 2015, 2019; Langacker 1988; Tomasello 2003) have pointed out that usage is the place to look for variation and change. Data-driven, corpus-based approaches have introduced quantitative methods for analyzing constructional functionality and variety synchronically (Stefanowitsch & Gries 2003; Gries 2006; Glynn 2014) and diachronically (Hilpert 2006). These techniques have given rise to detailed studies of verbal constructions, lexicalization and idiomaticization. This volume presents papers which in their majority have arisen in connection with the workshop “Variation and Grammaticalization of Verbal Constructions”, held at the 51st SLE Annual Meeting at Tallinn, 29th August – 1st September 2018. Its focus is on verbal constructions in Germanic languages, constructional variation and degrees of polyfunctionality between lexical, idiomatic and grammaticalized usages. The major object of this volume is to investigate the conditions and interdependencies of such variations and polyfunctionalities. The theoretical and conceptual foundations of the studies united here rest upon grammaticalization theory, usage-based constructional approaches, and frame semantics, allway in combination with empirical testing. The scope of interest comprises synchronic as well as diachronic phenomena in various registers and communicative types.
Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll der Versuch unternommen werden, das Konzept der Analogie auf den Bereich attributiver Junktion anzuwenden. Die Beschäftigung mit Analogie im Zusammenhang mit der Verknüpfung von Attributen auf nominaler Ebene dient dabei einerseits als eine Möglichkeit, Junktion in der Attribution grammatiktheoretisch (über den Bezug auf verbale Organisationsformen) zu verorten. Andererseits -auf allgemeiner Ebene -verstehen sich die folgenden Überlegungen auch als ein Beitrag zur Auseinandersetzung mit eventuellen Parallelen zwischen verbaler und nominaler Organisation sprachlicher Äußerungen im Deutschen. Als Ausgangspunkt dient (1), ein Beispiel aus der Wissenschaftssprache. Der Beleg ist gewählt worden, weil an ihm mehrere Aspekte möglicher analogischer Beziehungen veranschaulicht werden können. Für wissenschaftliche Texte ist typisch, dass in ihnen vor dem Hintergrund des Ökonomie-und Präzisionsgebotes gerne mehrfach erweiterte Nominalphrasen gebildet werden (Czicza/Hennig 2011). Solche komplexen Nominalphrasen erlauben dabei eine Art ״Umverpackung" von Propositionen aus dem Satzbereich in NPs (Ägel 2000a: 1893), vgl.:(1) Die zunächst überraschende, aber sehr konsequent durchgezogene Annähme, dass [...] (Rothstein 2011: 359) aus:(la) Die Annahme überrascht zunächst/Die Annahme ist zunächst überrasehend (lb) Die Annahme wurde sehr konsequent durchgezogen (lc) Es wird angenommen, dass [...] Die NP in (1) besteht aus einem Kern (Annahme), der selbst ein deverbales Substantiv zu annehmen darstellt (lc) und in diesem Sinne als eine der möglichen Stellen der ״Umverpackung" betrachtet werden kann (Verb -» deverbales Substantiv). Der Kern wird dabei erweitert: Das Partizip I überraschende und das
This paper deals with different types of verbal complementation of the German verb verdienen. It focuses on constructions that have been undergoing a grammaticalization process and thus express deontic modality, as in Sie verdient geliebt zu werden (ʽShe deserves to be lovedʼ) and Sie verdient zu leben (ʽShe deserves to liveʼ) (Diewald, Dekalo & Czicza 2021). These constructions are connected to parallel complementation types with passive and active infinitives containing a correlate es, as in Sie verdient es, geliebt zu werden and Sie verdient es, zu leben, as well as finite clauses with the subordinator dass with and without correlative es, as in Sie verdient, dass sie geliebt wird and Sie verdient es, dass sie geliebt wird. This paper attempts to show a close comparative investigation of these six types of constructions based on their relevant semantic and syntactic properties in terms of clause linkage (Lehmann 1988). We analyze the relevant data retrieved from the DWDS corpus of the 20th century and present an expanded grammaticalization path for verdienen-constructions. The finite complementation with dass is regarded as an example of a separate structural option called “elaboration”. Concerning the use of correlative es, it is shown that it does not have any substantial effect on the grammaticalization of modal verdienen-constructions.
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