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Enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides has been studied as a low energy‐consuming alternative to the present steam (Colgate‐Emery) process. Cost analysis of the enzymatic process indicates that use of immobilized lipase compares favorably with the present steam process. This paper discusses the search for an adsorbent to use as the support material for the lipase. Hydrophobic microporous powders, membranes and fibers were found to give the best performance, as little of the lipase's activity was lost upon immobilization. Lipase immobilized on Accurel powder has been studied in various reactor configurations for the hydrolysis of triglycerides. Reactor designs studied include cocurrent and counter‐current fixed beds, continuous stirred tank reactors, and the diaphragm reactor. Productivities of the latter two reactor types were 1100 and 1700 kg fatty acid per kg immobilized lipase.

2-Bromoalka-1,n-dienes such as 9, 30 and 14 (n = 7) with tetrasubstituted methylenecyclopropane end groups, under palladium catalysis, underwent cyclization with cyclopropane-ring opening to give 2-ethenyl-3-methylene-1-cycloalkenes 41 (n = 6), 42 (n = 7), and 43, which are substituted monocyclic [3]dendralenes, in 65, 63 and 70 % yield, respectively. The same cross-conjugated trienes were isolated in good to excellent yields (77-92 %) from the corresponding 1,6-(10-H, 15) and 1,7-enynes (28-H) by a more atom-economic, palladium-catalyzed cycloisomerization. The vinylpalladium halide intermediate generated by initial carbopalladation of the 1,6-enyne 10-H with in situ generated phenylpalladium iodide also underwent the same cyclization cascade

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