O tratamento de úlceras cutâneas por estimulação elétrica tem crescido na prática clínica, no entanto, faltam estudos que investiguem a efetividade desse recurso em acompanhamento prolongado ou até que ocorra a cicatrização completa das lesões. Assim, a estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem (EEAV) foi aplicada em úlceras cutâneas crônicas com o objetivo de reduzir a área da lesão. Para tanto, participaram do estudo quatro homens que apresentavam seis úlceras cutâneas que receberam a EEAV (fase=15ms; F=100 Hz; T: 100 a 150 V; fases gêmeas), 2 vezes por semana, durante 30 minutos. O eletrodo com polaridade negativa foi colocado sobre a lesão e o positivo no trajeto vascular. As úlceras foram avaliadas pré e pós-intervenção por meio da fotogrametria, sendo calculada a área da lesão. Como resultado, observamos o fechamento completo da lesão nos sujeitos I e II (área de 4,66 cm² para 0 após 21 sessões e de 1,74 cm² para 0 após 16 sessões, respectivamente). O sujeito III obteve redução de 93% na área da lesão direita (de 2,02 para 0,14 cm²) e na esquerda de 80,40% (de 2,50 para 0,49 cm²), após 100 sessões. No sujeito IV ocorreu o fechamento completo da lesão sacral (de 10,74 cm² para 0) e a redução da lesão isquiática de 11,01 para 2,43 cm², após 75 sessões. Desse modo, concluímos que a EEAV facilitou o processo de cicatrização das úlceras estimuladas, pois as áreas de todas as úlceras apresentaram diminuição superior a 78%, havendo cicatrização completa em três delas.
Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease promotes systemic repercussions, which can be minimized with physical exercise. This study investigated the effects of a water-based aerobic interval training program on the autonomic modulation of heart rate (HR), quality of life (QoL), and functional capacity (FC) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: Nineteen patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were enrolled in this randomized clinical trial and allocated to either the usual care group (n = 9) or training group (n = 10). Before and after 24 sessions of water-based physical training, the patients underwent evaluation of autonomic modulation of HR by analyzing the HR variability, QoL using the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, and FC using 6-min walk test distance. Results: The results showed significant improvement when comparing the variables of HR variability, QoL, and FC in the training group in the pre- and post-training conditions (P < .05). In the usual care group, there was no significant difference for any of the variables. Negative correlations were found between HR variability and QoL (r =−0. 55; P = .01) and 6-min walk test distance and QoL (r =−0.49; P = .02). Conclusion: Water-based physical training promoted beneficial adaptations in the autonomic modulation of HR, QoL, and FC of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
As úlceras são definidas como rupturas de estruturas anatômicas do corpo, levando ao comprometimento da função fisiológica dos tecidos envolvidos. A estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem (EEAV) pode auxiliar na cicatrização de tecidos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito de 30 sessões de EEAV na cicatrização de úlceras de diferentes etiologias. Participaram 6 voluntários e foram tratadas 10 úlceras cutâneas. Para quantificar a área das lesões (cm2) foi realizada a fotogrametria a cada 10 sessões (câmera digital Sony Cybershot, 7.2 megapixels). A intervenção consistiu na aplicação da EEAV (T=100 ms; f= 100 Hz; intensidade de100 a 150 V), 2 a 3x/semana, por 30 minutos. Os eletrodos ativos (negativo) foram fixados sobre a lesão e o dispersivo (positivo) fixado no trajeto vascular. Com relação à área das lesões por pressão, a úlcera sacral reduziu 84,10% da sua área, a trocanteriana e do maléolo medial cicatrizaram completamente em 10 sessões. As úlceras neuropáticas fecharam completamente em 20 sessões. As cinco úlceras venosas (região do tornozelo), apresentaram redução em sua área de 26,29%, 80%, 44,69%, 28,23% e 6,27%. A EEAV foi eficaz pois promoveu a cicatrização completa de quatro úlceras e auxiliou a redução na área de outras seis lesões.Palavras-chave: estimulação elétrica, cicatrização de feridas, fotogrametria.
The aim of this study was to determine the anaerobic threshold (AT) in a population of healthy and post-myocardial infarction men by applying Hinkley's mathematical method and comparing its performance to the ventilatory visual method. This mathematical model, in lieu of observer-dependent visual determination, can produce more reliable results due to the uniformity of the procedure. 17 middle-aged men (55±3 years) were studied in 2 groups: 9 healthy men (54±2 years); and 8 men with previous myocardial infarction (57±3 years). All subjects underwent an incremental ramp exercise test until physical exhaustion. Breath-by-breath ventilatory variables, heart rate (HR), and vastus lateralis surface electromyography (sEMG) signal were collected throughout the test. Carbon dioxide output (V˙CO2), HR, and sEMG were studied, and the AT determination methods were compared using correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. Parametric statistical tests were applied with significance level set at 5%. No significant differences were found in the HR, sEMG, and ventilatory variables at AT between the different methods, such as the intensity of effort relative to AT. Moreover, important concordance and significant correlations were observed between the methods. We concluded that the mathematical model was suitable for detecting the AT in both healthy and myocardial infarction subjects.
BackgroundThe second heart rate (HR) turn point has been extensively studied, however there are few studies determining the first HR turn point. Also, the use of mathematical and statistical models for determining changes in dynamic characteristics of physiological variables during an incremental cardiopulmonary test has been suggested. ObjectivesTo determine the first turn point by analysis of HR, surface electromyography (sEMG), and carbon dioxide output () using two mathematical models and to compare the results to those of the visual method. MethodTen sedentary middle-aged men (53.9±3.2 years old) were submitted to cardiopulmonary exercise testing on an electromagnetic cycle ergometer until exhaustion. Ventilatory variables, HR, and sEMG of the vastus lateralis were obtained in real time. Three methods were used to determine the first turn point: 1) visual analysis based on loss of parallelism between and oxygen uptake (); 2) the linear-linear model, based on fitting the curves to the set of data (Lin-Lin ); 3) a bi-segmental linear regression of Hinkley' s algorithm applied to HR (HMM-HR), (HMM- ), and sEMG data (HMM-RMS). ResultsThere were no differences between workload, HR, and ventilatory variable values at the first ventilatory turn point as determined by the five studied parameters (p>0.05). The Bland-Altman plot showed an even distribution of the visual analysis method with Lin-Lin , HMM-HR, HMM-CO2, and HMM-RMS. ConclusionThe proposed mathematical models were effective in determining the first turn point since they detected the linear pattern change and the deflection point of , HR responses, and sEMG.
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