No abstract

Fruit and vegetable intake is insufficient in industrialized nations and long-haul heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers are considered a particularly at-risk group. The aim of the current study was to test the effectiveness of a multi-theory, dual-phase model to predict fruit and vegetable consumption in Australian long-haul HGV drivers. A secondary aim was to examine the effect of past fruit and vegetable consumption on model paths. A prospective design with two waves of data collection spaced one week apart was adopted. Long-haul HGV drivers (N = 212) completed an initial survey containing theory-based measures of motivation (autonomous motivation, intention), social cognition (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control), and volition (action planning, coping planning) for fruit and vegetable consumption. One week later, participants (n = 84) completed a self-report measure of fruit and vegetable intake over the previous week. A structural equation model revealed that autonomous motivation predicted intentions, mediated through attitudes and perceived behavioural control. It further revealed that perceived behavioural control, action planning, and intentions predicted fruit and vegetable intake, whereby the intention-behaviour relationship was moderated by coping planning. Inclusion of past behaviour attenuated the effects of these variables. The model identified the relative contribution of motivation, social cognition, and volitional components in predicting fruit and vegetable intake of HGV drivers. Consistent with previous research, inclusion of past fruit and vegetable consumption led to an attenuation of model effects, particularly the intention-behaviour relationship. Further investigation is needed to determine which elements of past behaviour exert most influence on future action.

In this study lottery gambling behavior of 288 American college students was examined. Although most students were infrequent gamblers, we found that student lottery gambling was related to having parents and friends who were lottery gamblers. Students who were frequent lottery gamblers were more likely to participate in other forms of gambling and to have begun gambling at younger ages than less frequent gamblers. Locus of control was related to more frequent gambling among parents and only marginally related to more frequent lottery play among students. Discriminant analysis using parental gambling, peer gambling, games played, sex, and locus of control could predict frequency of lottery playing for 72% of gamblers and nongamblers.

Objective: Habitual behaviours are triggered automatically, with little conscious forethought. Theory suggests that making healthy behaviours habitual, and breaking the habits that underpin many ingrained unhealthy behaviours, promotes long-term behaviour change. This has prompted interest in incorporating habit formation and disruption strategies into behaviour change interventions. Yet, notable research gaps limit understanding of how to harness habit to change real-world behaviours. Methods: Discussions among health psychology researchers and practitioners, at the 2019 European Health Psychology Society 'Synergy Expert Meeting' , generated pertinent questions to guide further research into habit and health behaviour.

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among selected variables from a model of industrial buying behavior in the study of retail buying and to compare apparel and appliance buyers. One hundred-twenty apparel buyers and 126 appliance buyers responded to a mailed questionnaire. A factor analysis generated factors for Product Fashionability, Vendor, Negotiations, Supply, and Brand Name. Further analyses revealed that both groups of buyers relied on personal selling as an information source and were loyal to past vendors. Apparel purchases were characterized as "new task," appliance purchases as "routine." Apparel buyers emphasized quality, good delivery, styling, steady source of supply, and fair prices in making purchases; appliance buyers emphasized quality, steady source of supply, fair prices, good delivery, and brand. The results of this study seem to indicate that apparel buyers need awareness of and skill in purchase negotiations. Retail buyers need to read additional sources of information and should be encouraged to make greater use of trade publications. Educators who provide training and employers in the retail industry should recognize the differences in buying tasks depending on the line of merchandise. Finally, variables from a model of industrial buying behavior were found to be useful for further study of retail buying behavior.