Producing hydrogen by water electrolysis suffers from the kinetic barriers in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that limits the overall efficiency. With spin-dependent kinetics in OER, to manipulate the spin ordering of ferromagnetic OER catalysts (e.g., by magnetization) can reduce the kinetic barrier. However, most active OER catalysts are not ferromagnetic, which makes the spin manipulation challenging. In this work, we report a strategy with spin pinning effect to make the spins in paramagnetic oxyhydroxides more aligned for higher intrinsic OER activity. The spin pinning effect is established in oxideFM/oxyhydroxide interface which is realized by a controlled surface reconstruction of ferromagnetic oxides. Under spin pinning, simple magnetization further increases the spin alignment and thus the OER activity, which validates the spin effect in rate-limiting OER step. The spin polarization in OER highly relies on oxyl radicals (O∙) created by 1st dehydrogenation to reduce the barrier for subsequent O-O coupling.

Here, we bring to the readers the outcome of Group 1 discussion: Future after lithium. The group has covered battery chemistries that are often being considered as "post-Li" battery technologies. After extensive deliberations, the group concluded that the current vibe about the need of future technologies after the lithium era and, thus, the quest for which new technologies can replace lithium-based battery technology, are somewhat inappropriate and misleading (partially incorrect), respectively. The discussion group reached the conclusion that it would be wise to approach and refer at these technologies as "side-byside" to Li-based batteries. As such, we elaborate here in details on these "side-by-side" promising technologies.Evaluation of the battery concepts depends on several aspects, among which performance is one of the key parameters. Hence, the performance comparison of different cell chemistry is everything, but immediate. As a matter of the fact, the European Commission, e.g., funded the ETIP Batteries Europe (https:// batterieseurope.eu/) as the "one-stop shop" for the batteryrelated R&I ecosystem and aims to accelerate the establishment of a competitive, sustainable and efficient value chain and globally competitive European battery industry through Research and Innovation. Within this ETIP, several working groups have been established, including the one dealing with new and emerging cell technologies. This group, led by Prof. Edström, Dr. Steven and one of the co-authors of this manuscript (SP), is expected to identify the key performance indicators (KPIs) enabling a fair comparison of commercial, new and emerging cell technologies with respect to their applications. However, these KPIs have not been identified yet. Hence, the current study aims to provide insights into "side-by-side" new emerging technologies and also to report a comparative analysis to Li-ion batteries by using a simple approach (i.e., mainly considering cost, energy density, and cycle life). Nonetheless, due to the fact that most of the "side-by-side" technologies are at the early stage of development, a comparison among them is not trivial. Thus, we point out in this progress report only the possibly suitable applications of the new technologies without a comparison. Sodium-Ion Batteries (Na-Ion) IntroductionTo relieve the environmental issues, solving the problem caused by intermittent availability of renewable energy resource, e.g., solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy, is mandatory. Thus, energy storage systems, especially electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems including batteries, supercapacitors, etc., are in the focus of intensive research and development efforts. [1][2][3] In 1991, the Japanese Sony Corp. developed the first commercial lithium-ion batteries with LiCoO 2 and graphite as electrode materials. [4,5] With the blooming of portable electronic Yasin Emre Durmus is currently a PostDoc researcher at the Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany) within the Institute of Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9). ...

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ExperimentalPreparation of Polymers 3 and 4: 3 and 4 were prepared by transition metal catalyzed ROP of [1]silaferrocenophane monomers according to wellknown procedures [5]. Molecular weights were estimated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) calibrated to polystyrene standards. For 3: M w = 4.3´10 5 , Polydispersity Index (PDI) = 1.9. For 4: M w = 2.9´10 5 , PDI = 1.6.Preparation of Devices: Devices based on 3 and 4 were prepared by coating a 50 mm thick Mylar film with 1.5 mL of a 15 wt.-% solution of 3 or 4 in toluene. Film applications were accomplished with the use of a motor-driven blade applicator (designed and built in-house) using a stainless steel blade (Paul N. Gardiner Company) with a 0.25 mm slit opening driven at a constant linear velocity of 1 cm s ±1 . Mylar films (type A Mylar, Dupont) were purchased from Cadillac Plastics.Arc Discharge Simulations: Films of 3 and 4 supported on Mylar were placed underneath a copper mask possessing a 4.5 cm diameter circular aperture. The electron beam was generated using a modified SEM operating at variable filament currents. Discharge images were captured with a Tektronix model C1002 CCD video camera, which is fed into a Sony model EVO-9800 Hi8 videocassette recorder. Discharge current pulses were measured using a Tektronix model 72 500 transient digitizing oscilloscope.