The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS; Blake et al, 1990) is a structured interview that assesses the 17 key symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as established in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). CAPS data from 524 treatment-seeking male military veterans were submitted to confirmatory factor analysis to test a series of nested models reflecting alternative representations of PTSD dimensionality: (a) a 4-factor, Ist-order solution; (b) a 2-factor, higher order solution; (c) a single-factor, higher order solution; and (d) a single-factor, Ist-order solution. The model of best fit was the 4factor, Ist-order solution, containing moderately to highly correlated yet distinct Ist-order factors corresponding to the reexperiencing, effortful avoidance, emotional numbing, and hyperarousal aspects of PTSD. Implications for theory, assessment, and future research are presented in this article.Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that may result from a strong emotional reaction to extraordinarily stressful events. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Menial Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994), the classic clusters of PTSD symptoms are reexperiencing the event (Criterion B; e.g., intrusive thoughts, nightmares), avoidance of cues and reminders of the event and emotional numbing (Criterion C; e.g., avoidance of people and places, detachment), and hyperarousal (Criterion D; e.g., exaggerated startle, hypervigilance). Associated features of the disorder include suicidal ideation, hostility, and risky behavior.An increasingly prominent measure of PTSD, used in a wide range of clinical and research settings and cited in almost 100 publications, is the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS;

A model of the relationship between work and family that incorporates variables from both the work-family conflict and social support literatures was developed and empirically tested. This model related bidirectional work-family conflict, family instrumental and emotional social support, and job and family involvement to job and life satisfaction. Data came from 163 workers who were living with at least 1 family member. Results suggested that relationships between work and family can have an important effect on job and life satisfaction and that the level of involvement the worker assigns to work and family roles is associated with this relationship. The results also suggested that the relationship between work and family can be simultaneously characterized by conflict and support. Higher levels of work interfering with family predicted lower levels of family emotional and instrumental support. Higher levels of family emotional and instrumental support were associated with lower levels of family interfering with work.

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The high prevalence of DSM-IV anxiety-mood disorders, the strong associations of hurricane-related stressors with these outcomes, and the independence of sociodemographics from stressors argue that the practical problems associated with ongoing stressors are widespread and must be addressed to reduce the prevalence of mental disorders in this population.