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The paper addresses an analysis of OSGi in the context of building modular middlewares for the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging approach to development of intelligent infrastructures combining various devices through the network. OSGi is a framework providing a number of specific mechanisms intended for building modular, fine-grained and looselycoupled Java applications. Although a number of works have been devoted to OSGi, and several OSGi-based middlewares have been designed for the IoT, they do not thoroughly utilize mechanisms of OSGi. In this paper rich OSGi functions are analysed in terms of development middlewares for the IoT. An example implementation of the system illustrates the presented considerations.

This paper focuses on management of sensor networks and Internet of Things. Two alternative architectures for service management in IoT and sensor networks are analyzed. The first one is based on Open Service Gateway (OSGi) framework and Remote Services for OSGi (R-OSGi) bundle. The second one extends Representational State Transfer (REST) paradigm. The analysis confirms that these two architectures meet the requirements of both sensor networks and IoT management. However, to bypass the disadvantages of these architectures, the new one is proposed being a combination of the analyzed architectures. In our proposition, the OSGi framework is applied to manage local sensor networks and RESTbased architecture allows for managing complex services in Internet of Things. The RESTlet OSGi module integrates the OSGi management system for sensor networks with REST-based management of Internet of Things.

In this paper two alternative architectures for service management in IoT and sensor networks are discussed. The first one is based on Open Service Gateway (OSGi) framework and Remote Services for OSGi (R-OSGi) bundle. The second architecture extends the notion of REST (Representational State Transfer) paradigm. There were few purposes of the extension. First, efficient, dynamic searching for devices capable of fulfilling certain requests within actual context was enabled. Second, both the devices and controlling services were distributed. Next, the devices were orchestrated in order to provide complex functionality. Finally, the access to the devices' functionality was standardized. OSGi-based solution was found simpler and better suited for homogeneous sensor networks, while more complex REST-based framework appeared as better suited for heterogeneous and widely distributed IoT devices and services.

Abstract. In the Internet of Things a lot of business opportunities may be identified. The devices in IoT may create ad-hoc temporary networks to provide services or share some resources. Such services are characterized by a great economical potential, especially while provided at mass-scale and for incidental users. However, the development of paid services or resources in IoT is hampered by relatively big transaction costs of payment operations. To deal with this problem, we propose a novel architecture of coupon-based, semi-off-line, anonymous micropayment system to enable transactions in the scope of Internet of Things. User anonymity and security is assured by the usage of standard cryptographic techniques together with novel architectural design of the payment processes. Utilization of a hash function allows generating and verifying electronic coins in computationally efficient way, so as to be executed even in hardware-and software-restricted environment such as Internet of Things.