In this article, we examine the literature presented on the use of neurolinguistic programming (NLP) in the world of sports.  The techniques have been applied with success in a number of occasions at different skill levels to improve performance.  NLP operates on the principle that human beings have the capacity to set and achieve their goals, and gives a framework in which these objectives can be attained.  These principles have been observed in both a theoretical and practical way in relation to sports.  In the first part of the article, we review the theoretical literature on the topic. From a theoretical standpoint, scholars have asserted that the perception of reality through the senses plays an important role, and this perception can be influenced by the language we use.  Clear communication in teaching is vital for training athletes to reach their potential.  In the second part, we look at applications of NLP in different spheres of sports and the way it is applied to real athletes with certain obstacles hindering their progress.  We attempt to summarize this literature and present a potential path for future research.  There have been criticisms of NLP, so it is important to consider them in an unbiased way, giving thought to what can be done in the future to give answer to them.