Authors studied a large number of human placenta (750) and they identified and nominalized four anatomic markers as morphologic and functional indicators for the structures inside the utero-placental and feto-placental circulatory systems: umbilical cord, subchorial veins thrombosis for the feto-placental circulatory system, perivillous fibrin deposition and retroplacental hematoma for utero-placental circulatory system. These markers contribute to the knowledge of the mechanisms for intrauterine asphyxiation, fetal death and intrauterine fetal growth restriction.

Micro anatomic phenotype of chorial villi can be achieved only by means of a rigurous evaluation of its structural elements: trophoblast, vascular and mesenchyme. The authors proposed themselves to study the reciprocal relations between syncytiotrophoblast, fetal sinusoid capillaries and argentic collagen fiber fascicles inside chorial villi depending on angionesis process. The research was carried out on human biologic material using placenta fragments during 28-37 weeks of gestation. The authors consider that the collagen IV stereo distribution inside the vascular pedicle of the terminal villi, contributes to the stability, biodynamic and biokinematics of villi phenotype that is determined by branching or non branching angiogenesis. The personal results have a great value for stating the variability limits of terminal villi phenotype in ortology as well as in general or forensic pathology.

The authors proposed themselves to evaluate the phenotype changes of the structural elements forming placenta villi based on the concept of "cellular turnover". The research has been carried out on first and third trimester of gestation placentas. Based on their personal observations they considered that trophoblast cells maintain its homeostasis by means of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, contributing to the formation of syncytiotrophoblast layer during placenta evolution. In pathology, trophoblast proliferation is accelerated by processes accompanied by hypoxia.