ResumoA cama de aviário é um aspecto de enorme relevância para a avicultura de corte, por influenciar tanto no desempenho zootécnico das aves como nas características de carcaça. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho produtivo e o rendimento de carcaça e de vísceras de frangos criados em diferentes materiais de cama aviária. No experimento, foram avaliados 192 pintos, da linhagem Ag Ross, a partir dos 10 dias de vida, distribuídos em 16 unidades experimentais, com 12 aves em cada parcela. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro materiais de cama (maravalha, capim elefante seco, casca de arroz e areia), com quatro repetições cada. Aos 42 dias de vida, as aves foram pesadas, abatidas e evisceradas. Foram calculados os parâmetros de peso médio, ganho de peso, consumo alimentar, conversão alimentar, viabilidade, rendimento de carcaça e das vísceras comestíveis (coração, moela e fígado). Entre os materiais de cama testados, não houve diferenças significativas nos parâmetros avaliados, porém o ganho de peso das aves criadas em cama de areia foi significativamente superior em relação às aves criadas em cama de capim elefante seco. Concluiu-se que a maravalha, a casca de arroz, o capim elefante seco e a areia podem ser usados como material de cama aviária para frangos de corte sem influenciar no desempenho produtivo e nos rendimentos de carcaça e vísceras comestíveis. Palavras-chave: areia; cama aviária; frango; peso; rendimento de carcaça. AbstractThe litter is an aspect of great importance for poultry production because it affects both birds's performance and carcass characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate performance and carcass and viscera yields of broilers raised on different materials of poultry litter. In the experiment, we used 192 chicks of Ag Ross strain, from 10 days of age, distributed into 16 experimental units, with 12 birds each plot. Treatments consisted of four bedding materials (wood shavings, dry elephant grass, rice husk and sand), with four replicates each. At 42 days of age, birds were weighed, slaughtered and eviscerated. Then, we calculated the parameters of weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, viability, carcass and viscera yield (heart, gizzard and liver). Among the bedding materials tested, there were no significant differences in parameters; however, weight gain of birds reared on sand was significantly higher compared to birds reared on dry elephant grass bed. In conclusion, wood shavings, rice husk, dry elephant grass, and sand may be used as litter material for broilers without affecting the productive performance and the yield of carcass and edible offal.

Salmonella spp. is one of the main agents responsible for foodborne infection in humans, and products of poultry origin are the most common infection sources. Studies have shown the occurrence of antimicrobials resistant Salmonella spp. in animal products. The Extended Spectrum ?-Lactamase (ESBL) are enzymes that confer to bacteria the ability to hydrolyze cephalosporin with an oximino side chain and monobactams. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance profile, identify phenotypes and genotypes for multiple drug resistance (MDR) and that produce ESBL from isolates of Salmonella spp. in the broiler production chain. We used samples of Salmonella spp. (n=11) isolates from poultry, poultry products and poultry-source environment from the state of Maranhão - Brazil. The isolates of Salmonella spp. assessed showed genotypical and phenotypical characteristics of MDR. The results show that 72.72% (08/11) of the strains presented the phenotypic profile for ESBL production. The isolates showed positivity to at least 13.64% (03/22) of the genes studied and the highest frequencies were observed in genes sul1 (73%), dfrA12 (55%), blaCTX-M (55%), tetA, tetB and tetC, with 45%. In conclusion, the strains of Salmonella spp. isolates present genotypic and phenotypic characteristics for MDR and ESBL production, demonstrating the dissemination risk of these microorganisms through the food chain.

O trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de ovos in natura de diferentes estabelecimentos comerciais da Região Metropolitana de São Luís, MA. Foram analisados 800 ovos obtidos de mercados públicos, supermercados varejistas, supermercados atacadistas e mercearias. As amostras do conteúdo interno dos ovos foram analisadas quanto a contagem de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas (CBHAM), Staphylococcus spp., bolores e leveduras, Número Mais Provável (NMP/mL) de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, e pesquisa de Salmonella spp., por métodos convencionais. Amostras da casca dos ovos foram avaliados particularmente para pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Os resultados para a contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas foi de 102 a 104 UFC/mL, de Staphylococcus spp. foi de 101 a 102 UFC/mL e de bolores e leveduras foi 101 a 102 UFC/mL. Os resultados mostraram que 12,5% (5/40) das amostras apresentaram contaminação para coliformes totais e 5% (2/40) com presença de coliformes termotolerantes. A bactéria Salmonella spp. foi isolada em 12,5% (5/40) do conteúdo interno e 17,5% (7/40) no conteúdo externo de ovos. Concluiu-se que os ovos in natura comercializados na Região Metropolitana de São Luís apresentaram risco de veiculação de enteropatógenos, independentemente do tipo de estabelecimento comercial, e os locais de comercialização apresentaram condições ambientais favoráveis ao crescimento microbiano.

Paratyphoid Salmonella significantly impacts modern poultry farming, because it is one of the main causes of foodborne diseases in the world. Efforts have been made by the government and poultry industry to reduce the existence of Salmonella in the entire poultry production chain through sanitary programs. The aim of this work was to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella spp. and its serovars in environmental sources of production, poultry, and carcasses slaughtered in an artisanal manner in the northern mesoregion of Maranhão State, Brazil. A total of 520 samples were collected, comprising drag swabs (n = 60), prope (n = 60), cecal feces (n = 60), feed of feeder (n = 60), and cloacal swabs (n = 100) of poultry sent for slaughter, and newly slaughtered carcasses (n = 180). The samples were subjected to culture and isolation of Salmonella spp. and serotyping. The occurrence of the genus Salmonella was 25.0% (15/60) in drag swabs, 16.6% (10/60) in prope, 1.7% (1/60) in cecal feces, absent (0/60) in the feed, 7% (7/100) in cloacal swabs, and 48.9% (88/180) in poultry carcasses. Fifteen Salmonella enterica serovars were identified in the samples, with the highest occurrence in the Schwarzengrund (28.09%; 34/121), Albany (19.83%; 24/121), Enteritidis (7.43%; 9/121), and Heidelberg (7.43%; 9/121). Salmonella ser. Schwarzengrund showed higher predominance in the poultry production chain, with greater isolation in carcass samples (34 isolates), while Salmonella ser. Enteritidis had the highest occurrence in the initial production chain. The results of our study indicate the need to implement sanitary control in farms for paratyphoid salmonella and that artisanal poultry slaughter can increase bacterial dissemination in the final product, representing a public health risk.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an RNA flavivirus (Flaviviridae family) endemic in tropical and subtropical regions that is transmitted to humans by Aedes (Stegomyia) species mosquitoes. The two main urban vectors of ZIKV are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which can be found throughout Brazil. This study investigated ZIKV infection in mosquito species sampled from urban forest fragments in Manaus (Brazilian Amazon). A total of 905 non-engorged female Ae. aegypti (22 specimens) and Ae. albopictus (883 specimens) were collected using BG-Sentinel traps, entomological hand nets, and Prokopack aspirators during the rainy and dry seasons between 2018 and 2021. All pools were macerated and used to inoculate C6/36 culture cells. Overall, 3/20 (15%) Ae. aegypti and 5/241 (2%) Ae. albopictus pools screened using RT-qPCR were positive for ZIKV. No supernatants from Ae. aegypti were positive for ZIKV (0%), and 15 out of 241 (6.2%) Ae. albopictus pools were positive. In this study, we provide the first-ever evidence of Ae. albopictus naturally infected with ZIKV in the Amazon region.