No abstract

This research explores the relationship between sexting, committing and experiencing cyber-violence, and risk sexually behaviour among college students. A total of 202 college students filled out an adjusted version of the Sex and Tech Survey Questionnaire (STSQ), the Committing and Experiencing Cyber Violence Scale (CECVS) and the subscale on sexually risk behaviour from the Youth Self-reported Delinquency and Risk Behaviours Questionnaire (SRDP-2007). It has been found that a total of 60.89% of the participants have sent a sexually explicit text message and/or video content at least once, 60.33% have received such content, and 13.12% have forwarded or shown the received content to other people. Furthermore, 3.5% of the participants have experienced, and 2.01% have committed, cyber-violence. The majority of the participants have sent explicit content to their boyfriends/girlfriends. Most of the participants perceived sexting as a kind of joke, as a gift to their partner or as an answer to receiving sexually explicit content, while a minority of the participants mentioned negative motives for practicing sexting, such as peer or partner pressure. Almost all of the participants were aware of the danger sexting bore, but most of them still indulged in sexting, noting its positive outcomes, such as the excitement that followed it. Both committing/experiencing cyber-violence and sexually risk behaviour correlate positively and moderately with sexting. Positive and moderate correlations were found between committing and experiencing cyber-violence. Also, positive but weak correlations were found between practicing/experiencing cyber-violence and sexually risk behaviour in real life. Predicting sexting by experiencing and committing cyber violence and sexually risk behaviour has shown that only sexually risk behaviour is significant predictor. Such behaviour likely serves as a mediator for the relationship between committing cyber-violence and sexting, yet it explains only 8.2% of sexting variance, while the model as a whole explains almost 20%. The results indicate that different forms of risk behaviour are correlated, and that sexting is perceived not only as a risk behaviour, but as a behaviour that can be used to facilitate committed relationships in young adulthood.

Adolescenti mogu imati različite uloge u nasilju putem interneta, a najčešća podjela je na žrtve, nasilnike, nasilnike/ žrtve i pojedince neuključene u nasilje. Neke od posljedica za ove skupine su jednake, no postoje psihološke posljedice koje su specifične za pojedinu ulogu koju pojedinac ima u nasilju preko interneta. Relevantni nalazi pokazuju kako se depresivni simptomi i nisko samopoštovanje pojavljuju i kod žrtvi i kod nasilnika, dok se stres pojavljuje jedino kod žrtvi. Budući da skupina nasilnika/žrtvi iskazuje obje vrste uloga u nasilju preko interneta, pretpostavlja se kako je to skupina s najviše negativnih posljedica i najlošijim obrazovnim uspjehom. U ovom istraživanju, uspoređeni su adolescenti koji imaju različite uloge u nasilju preko interneta s obzirom na različite psihološke posljedice (depresivni simptomi, stres, anksioznost i samopoštovanje), sate provedene na internetu i obrazovni uspjeh. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 1,176 sudionika koji su podijeljeni u skupine žrtvi, nasilnika, nasilnika/ žrtvi i skupinu pojedinaca koji nisu uključeni u nasilje. Skupina nasilnika/žrtvi razlikuje se u svim mjerenim varijablama od skupine koja nije uključena u nasilje putem interneta i ima više negativnih posljedica, što je potvrda nalazima o tome kako ova skupina doživljava najviše negativnih posljedica, uz skupinu žrtvi. Nasilnici jedino pokazuju više razine stresa i imaju slabije ocjene nego skupina koja nije uključena u nasilje putem interneta, što upućuje na manje posljedice činjenja nego doživljavanja nasilja putem interneta. Dobiveni rezultati pružaju uvid u doživljene psihološke posljedice, ukazujući da su nasilnici/žrtve skupina koja bi trebala biti uključena u selektivne ili čak indicirane preventivne programe usmjerene na smanjivanje uključenosti u nasilje putem interneta, kao i posljedica, osobito depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa. Indicirani preventivni programi trebali bi biti prilagođeni ovoj skupini, na primjer raditi na nedostatku osjećaja krivnje i promicanju empatije za žrtve te smanjenju pozitivnih posljedica (npr. postizanje socijalnog statusa na temelju nasilja).

The aim of this study was to examine if emotional intelligence (EI) measured by tests and selfreports contribu tes to the explanation of self and partner's assessments of marital quality. Ninety eight married heterosexu al couples participated. Ea ch partner completed for itself measures of EI, quality of marriage, personality inventory and some socio-demographics. Models showed that socio-demographics, personality traits, and EI measure explained between 21% and 27% of own and partner's quality of marriage, with 5% -7% of specific contribution of EI measures to quality of marriage. Among EI measures, ability to regulate one's own and others' emotions was significant predictor of own and partner's quality of marriage, while self-reported measure of regulation and managing of emotions significantly predicted own quality of marriage. Other significant predictors were extraversion for both own and partner's quality of marriage, and agreeableness, length of acquaintance before marriage and cohabitation for partner's quality of marriage only.

Cyber-violence is the type of online risk behavior inclined to harm others. Development of new forms of cyber-violent behavior leads to the need to revise specific-item measures of cyber-violence periodically. The aim of this research was to explore the psychometric properties of the revised Committing and Experiencing Cyber-Violence Scale: its latent structure, reliability, and descriptive statistics of underlying dimensions, as well as the relation of some known correlates of cyber-violence, like indicators of psychosocial functioning and online behavioral problems, with cyber-violence. Online questionnaires (cyber-violence, depression, anxiety and stress, problematic Internet use, and problematic gaming) were filled out by 1725 adolescents from a convenient sample. Using exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis, the questionnaire’s latent structure and contribution of relevant correlates for explaining cyber-violence variance was examined. Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed a five-factor solution with satisfactory reliability: shaming, information manipulation, hate speech, technology abuse, and information sharing. Participants commit and experience cyber-violence rarely, leading to a positive distribution of data in the factors. The Committing and Experiencing Cyber-violence subscales have a large positive correlation. Gender (male), grades, maternal education, depression, anxiety, stress, problematic Internet use, and problematic gaming are positive predictors of experiencing cyber-violence, whereas gender (male), grades, hours spent online on weekdays, depression, anxiety, stress, problematic Internet use, and problematic gaming are positive predictors of committing cyber-violence. Conclusions: Cyber-violence is connected with lower psychosocial functioning and more risky behavior online (problematic Internet use, problematic online gaming).