Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as condições higiênico-sanitárias em nove Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição Escolares (UANE) de um município do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). Uma Lista de Verificação de Boas Práticas na Alimentação Escolar, proposta e validada por Stedefeldt et al., com itens pontuados e agrupados em seis Blocos Temáticos (BT), foi aplicada. Os resultados da pontuação total (P) por BT e da pontuação final (PF) foram obtidos utilizando o Programa Ferramenta para as Boas Práticas na Alimentação Escolar®. Os resultados da P nas UANE foram comparados com a classificação da Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada nº 275, de 2002, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, e os da PF foram utilizados para a classificação das UANE. Todas as UANE se encontraram parcialmente adequadas para o BT edificação. Para os BT manipuladores, processos/procedimentos, higienização ambiental e equipamentos para temperatura controlada, a maioria apresentou resultados parcialmente adequados e inadequados. A maioria da UANE apresentou-se adequada para o BT recebimento. Os resultados da PF classificaram a maior parte das UANE (66,7%) como risco sanitário regular, indicando a necessidade de realização de medidas corretivas para as Boas Práticas nas UANE e oferta de refeições seguras ao público escolar.
OBJECTIVE: Identify the perception operating agents have on the Brazilian National School Feeding Program METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional and quali-quantitative study developed in non-probability and convenience sampling selected in an event promoted by the National Fund for Educational Development in 2015 in Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected through questions related to pre-defined categories concerning the National School Feeding Program. The questionnaire was answered by 43 nutritionists, 41 members of the School Feeding Board, and 16 school feeding administrators from 38 cities of Rio de Janeiro. The narrative analysis was based on benchmarks of cognitive analysis of public policies. The association among variables was investigated with chi-square test, being calculated the power for association testing. RESULTS: The perception of the implementation of the National School Feeding Program has been characterized by some challenges: 1) low number of nutritionists to meet the demand from schools; 2) low adhesion to the public call for the purchase of family farming products due to bureaucratic difficulties and insufficient local food production; 3) reduced coverage of food and nutritional measures due to the restriction of human, material and financial resources; and 4) limitation of the participation of the School Feeding Board due to insufficient training and transport for regular visits. The adequacy of the number of nutritionists showed statistically significant association with the purchase of family farming products (p = 0.002; power = 99%) and with the food and nutritional education activities (p = 0.021; power = 79%). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the need for employment of nutritionist in sufficient numbers to meet the demands of the National School Feeding Program, investment in educational activities of healthy eating in schools, training of the School Feeding Board, greater availability of vehicles for school visits and assistance to family farmers in order to facilitate their participation in programs of institutional purchases and encourage the diversification of production.
Resumo O estudo analisou e comparou os tipos de alimentos comercializados no entorno de 30 escolas privadas e 26 públicas de Ensino Fundamental do município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados foi realizada por auditoria utilizando um instrumento tipo checklist para caracterização dos estabelecimentos (formal ou informal) e identificação dos tipos de alimentos e bebidas comercializados. Estes foram classificados segundo o grau de processamento (in natura, processados e ultraprocessados). Para análise dos dados foram utilizados os testes estatísticos de Mann-Whitney para verificar diferença do tipo de comércio e das categorias de alimentos comercializados entre as escolas e o de Kruskal-Wallis para verificar diferença na quantidade de alimentos comercializada entre as categorias. A quantidade de ultraprocessados no entorno das escolas foi estatisticamente maior (p=0,0001) do que as outras categorias. Algumas preparações culinárias apresentaram alto percentual de contribuição energética de ultraprocessados. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=0,478) nas categorias de alimentos comercializados entre escolas públicas e privadas. No entorno das escolas predomina a comercialização de ultraprocessados, favorecendo a exposição de crianças a um ambiente que estimula o consumo destes produtos.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze how the profile of food purchases from family farming under the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) is related to socioeconomic and demographic indicators in Brazilian capitals. METHODS: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was based on secondary data from 2016 and 2017 from the Brazilian government. We used demographic and socioeconomic data, as well as the amount of federal funding; the percentage used purchases of food from family farming and the public call notices. RESULTS: The capitals in the largest quartile of HDI and funding by the federal government used less than 30% of the resource for the purchase of crops from family farming in 2016. All capitals of the Northern region used more than 30%, while the Southern and Southeastern regions did not comply with the legislation. We highlight that most analyzed food items were in natura. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of this public policy occurs unequally in Brazilian capitals, with greater difficulty in those supposedly with better institutional structure and higher volume of resources destined to the National School Feeding Program. The program, however, maintains its potential for the promotion of adequate and healthy food in schools, due to the quality of food included in public calls.
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