Objetivo: Presentar los resultados de una revisión sobre la investigación y metodología de Sistematización de Experiencias y su pertinencia en la salud pública. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de literatura en dos etapas usando los siguientes operadores booleanos: “sistematización de experiencias” AND “metodología” OR “investigación” OR “salud” OR “educación popular” OR “trabajo social” OR “Latinoamérica” OR “Investigación Acción Participativa”, en las bases de datos MedLine y Scielo, complementada con la búsqueda en el catálogo general de las bibliotecas de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana y la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se dejó fecha e idioma abierto. Se empleó N-Vivo versión 12 para el procesamiento de la información. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 183 referencias entre artículos, libros, literatura gris, tesis (pregrado, maestría o doctorado) y material audiovisual. De estos, se seleccionaron 88 para revisión de texto completo. Se generaron seis categorías relacionadas con la definición, metodología, instrumentos, objetivos, limites-tensiones y ventajas de la Sistematización de Experiencias. Conclusiones: La Sistematización de Experiencias es una metodología cualitativa surgida en el contexto latinoamericano que permite la reconstrucción de la historia y el conocimiento de las prácticas para fortalecer y transformar la realidad local. En el campo de la salud pública la SE permite reinterpretar las nociones y problemáticas en salud de las personas y colectividades; comprender sus experiencias, necesidades y expectativas en salud; e identificar la agencia de las personas para mejorar e incidir en el bienestar y la calidad de vida de sus comunidades.
We used a mixed design study to analyze the inequalities and inequities in Maternal Mortality (MM) for Chocó (Colombia) between 2010–2018. The quantitative component consisted of an analytical ecological design, where proportions, ratios, measures of central tendency and rates ratios, rate difference, Gini and concentration indices were calculated to measure inequalities. The qualitative component had a phenomenological and interpretive approach. One hundred thirty-one women died in Choco between 2010–2018. The Maternal Mortality Ratio was 224/100.000 live births. The Gini coefficient was 0.35, indicating inequality in the distribution of the number of MM with respect to live births. The health service offers have been concentrated in the private sector in urban areas (77%). The exercise of midwifery has played an important role in maternal and perinatal care processes, especially in territories where the State has been absent. Nevertheless, it occurs in complex circumstances such as the armed conflict, lack of transportation routes, and income deficits, affecting the timelines and care quality for these vulnerable groups. MM in Chocó has been a consequence of deficiencies in the health system and weaknesses in its infrastructure (absence of a high level of maternal-perinatal care). This is in addition to the territory’s geographical characteristics, which increase vulnerability and health risks for women and their newborns. In Colombia, as well as in other countries, many maternal and newborn deaths are preventable because their causes are due to social injustices.
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