The HIV infected children had a significantly higher prevalence of oral Candida spp. compared to their uninfected siblings. Absence of HAART and presence of dentinal carious teeth increased significantly Candida spp. colonization in these children.

This review aims at describing and comparing materials commonly used in root canal therapy, the cytotoxicity,histopathological, microbiological and clinical aspects of a iodoform-based paste (Guedes-Pinto Paste-GPP) used in endodontic treatment of primary teeth. GPP has shown excellent biocompatibility to pulp fibroblasts and mild inflammatory reactions, having been well-tolerated by the periapical and connective tissues. Moreover, GPP bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects against many oral microorganisms were also demonstrated. Regarding clinical trials, the GPP technique has achieved success rates when considering clinical and radiographic examinations. In the face of all the above mentioned results, this paper would like to propose the use of this endodontic material as a root canal filling for primary teeth.

Objectives-To examine the impact of antiretroviral therapy on the prevalence of oral candidiasis, recovery of oral Candida species (spp) and salivary levels of total secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and Candida-specific SIgA in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children.Methods-Sixty six HIV-positive and 40 HIV-negative children were cross-sectionally examined for the presence of oral lesions. Whole stimulated saliva samples were collected for the identification of Candida spp using culture and measurement of total and specific SIgA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results-HIV-positive children had a higher prevalence of oral candidiasis (p < 0.05); higher frequency of detection of Candida spp (p < 0.05) and higher levels of total (p < 0.05) and Candidaspecific SIgA (p < 0.001) than did HIV-negative children. Among HIV-positive subjects, antiretroviral users had lower viral loads (p < 0.001), lower levels of Candida spp (p < 0.05) and total SIgA (p < 0.05) compared with antiretroviral non-users. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Conclusions-The use of antiretroviral therapy was associated with decreases in the prevalence of oral candidiasis. This diminished exposure to Candida spp was accompanied by decreases in levels of total and Candida-specific SIgA. NIH Public Access

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Gingivostomatitis is the most common primary and symptomatic clinical manifestation of HSV-1 infection. Painful oral lesions appear as ulcerative erosions on the gingiva, palate, buccal mucosa, and tongue, leading to eating and drinking difficulties with an evolution between 10-14 days. This paper describes a case of a 19- month-old boy with severe painful Gingivostomatitis lesions. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) was used with an immediate outcome.