The Multiple Errands Test (MET) is an ecologically valid assessment that characterizes how executive dysfunction manifests in everyday activities. Due to the naturalistic nature of this assessment, clinicians and researchers have had to develop site-specific versions resulting in numerous published versions and making it difficult to establish standard psychometric properties. The aim of this study was to develop a standardized, community version of the MET designed to be used in large department stores meeting set criteria that would not require site specific modifications. This paper reports on the development, content validity, feasibility, and inter-rater reliability of a Big-Store MET, and the performance of healthy participants on this test. Items were selected to match previously published versions in relation to quantity and complexity. Content validity was established by having experts (n = 4) on the MET review the proposed Big-Store version and evaluate the task consistency with previously published versions. To assess feasibility of administration, and inter-rater reliability, a convenience sample of 14 community dwelling adults, self-reporting as healthy, were assessed by two trained raters. We found the Big-Store MET to be feasible to deliver (completed within 30 min, scores show variability, acceptable to participants in community environment) and inter-rater reliability to be very high (ICCs = 0.92–0.99) with the exception of frequency of strategy use. This study introduces the Big-Store MET to the literature, establishes its preliminary validity and reliability thus laying the foundation for a standardized, community-based version of the MET.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) are a relatively common cause of death with 350,000 people suffering from an OHCA and only 12% of patients surviving said incidents. Though biological factors significantly affect heart attack outcomes, environmental factors such as socioeconomic status (SES) disproportionately affect much of the population, and especially minority groups. Especially in an environment with inadequate medical infrastructure, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be the only means of saving a patient’s life in the event of an OHCA. Currently, CPR training courses and automated external defibrillators (AED) serve as solutions to combat OHCA and achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), yet they are quite limited in their accessibility, cost being a significant contributing factor to this issue. Though CPR training courses are an essential resource for the general public, populations with lower SES lack resources and access to these courses, let alone equipment such as AEDs. Additionally, AEDs lack true mobility due to their size, weight, and maintenance. This paper proposes a design of a novel, inexpensive, and portable device that may be able to appropriately guide bystanders, regardless of previous training, to perform the CPR possible on an OHCA patient, providing prospects of anybody with the ability to significantly increase the survival rate of OHCAs, regardless of SES. Working on the principles of accelerometry and metronome usage, this device can provide feedback based on compression rate and depth for improvement. Future research should focus on testing the feasibility and efficacy of the individual functions of the device.
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