No abstract

The present study is inspired by the great wealth of species exhibited by the ichthiofauna. Not only concepts and techniques of ecology deserve attention, but also knowledge in other biological areas, such as zoology and anatomy, are necessary. The intention of the present work is to discover the morphology of fish through the study of the digestive tract morphology, associating it to diet data, in order to better understand the biology of four fish species of the upper Paraná River floodplain. The samples were collected quarterly in the year 2000 with gillnets of different meshes. The stomach content was analyzed under a stereoscopic microscope and the frequencies of occurrence (FO) and volumetric (FV) and the alimentary index (IAi) were calculated. Various morphologic characteristics were analyzed and schematized using a light chamber. The species were grouped into two trophic guilds -insectivores (Astyanax altiparanae and Parauchenipterus galeatus) and piscivores (Serrasalmus marginatus and Hoplias aff. malabaricus). The first two, although consumers of insects, preyed on different alimentary groups, notably Hymenoptera in the case of A. altiparanae and Coleoptera in the case of P. galeatus. Serrasalmus marginatus and H. aff. malabaricus consumed mainly fishes. However, only pieces of prey were usually found in the stomach content of the first species, whereas whole fishes were found in the stomach content of the second. Astyanax altiparanae exhibited characteristics that allowed it to obtain food in several compartments of the water column. Similarly P. galeatus consumed food resources that were available in all aquatic compartments, although the abilities to capture, to manipulate and to absorb food differed, as shown by the importance of teeth plates and pharyngeal teeth. Serrasalmus marginatus and H. aff. malabaricus, although resembling each other in many aspects of the digestive tract morphology, differed in the strategies used to capture prey. The analysis showed that, according to the main food item of the diet, the species were grouped into two trophic guilds. However, those within the same category used different feeding methods, and similarity in items consumed does not imply the same group of morphological characteristics.Keywords: fishes, tropical region, alimentary spectrum, morphology. Alimentação e análise morfológica do trato digestório de quatro espécies de peixes (Astyanax altiparanae, Parauchenipterus galeatus, Serrasalmus marginatus e Hoplias aff. malabaricus) da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, BrasilResumo A grande riqueza de espécies exibida pela ictiofauna estimula a investigação e não apenas conceitos e técnicas de ecologia merecem atenção, mas também o conhecimento em outras áreas da biologia, como zoologia e anatomia, se fazem necessárias. A intenção do presente trabalho foi conhecer a morfologia de peixes através do estudo da morfologia do trato digestório, associá-lo aos dados de dieta, contribuindo para conhecer a biologia de quatro espécies de peixes da planíci...

ABSTRACT. Trophic structure of the ichthyofauna in a Brazilian semiarid reservoir. The establishment of the trophic structure of fi sh provides information on species autoecology and their role in the ecosystem, in addition to supporting conservation and management practices for sustainable use of native species. In the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte there are few studies of the natural diet of fi sh. In this context, this study aimed to characterize the trophic structure of the fi sh assemblage of the Santa Cruz reservoir, Apodi, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Fish were collected quarterly (February, May, August and November) in eight points in the reservoir in 2011. After screening, biometric identifi cation and analysis, stomach or intestinal contents were analyzed and food items identifi ed were used for the calculation of the frequency of occurrence and volumetric whose association gives the Alimentary Index (IAi). The highest consumption of a particular item grouped the species into fi ve trophic guilds, and the detritivore/iliophagous, insectivore and carcinophagous the most abundant in the months and collection points, compared to herbivorous and piscivorous. The high abundance of individuals in these guilds can be explained by opportunistic species and the capture facility and intake of resources, since detritus/sediment, insects and shrimp are abundant in the environment studied. Thus, this study provided information about the items that contribute to the diet species, making it possible to infer about the interactions, allowing in the future to understand the complexity of trophic relationships and to assist the management practices and conservation of environment.KEYWORDS. Trophic guilds, fi shes, Santa Cruz Reservoir.RESUMO. O estabelecimento da estrutura trófi ca de peixes fornece informações sobre a autoecologia das espécies e seu papel no ecossistema, além de subsidiar práticas de conservação e manejo visando o uso sustentável das espécies nativas. Na região semiárida do Rio Grande do Norte existem poucos trabalhos sobre a alimentação natural de peixes. Neste contexto, o presente estudo visou caracterizar a estrutura trófi ca da assembleia de peixes do reservatório de Santa Cruz, Apodi, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Os peixes foram coletados em oitos pontos, nos meses de fevereiro, maio, agosto e novembro de 2011. Após triagem, identifi cação e análise biométrica, os conteúdos estomacais ou intestinais foram analisados e, os itens alimentares identifi cados, utilizados para o cálculo das frequências de ocorrência e volumétrica cuja associação origina o Índice Alimentar (IAi). O maior consumo de um determinado item agrupou as espécies em cinco guildas trófi cas, sendo os detritívoros/iliófagos, insetívoros e carcinófagos os mais abundantes entre os meses e pontos de coletas, em relação aos herbívoros e piscívoros. A elevada abundância de indivíduos nessas guildas pode ser explicada pelo caráter oportunista das espécies e, pela facilidade de captura e ingestão dos recursos, ...

Floodplain habitats have been inferred to provide a variety of functions for aquatic organisms, yet few studies have documented movement between channel and aquatic floodplain habitats. We exploited spatial variation in stable isotope ratios of gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) to document movement between floodplain lakes and the main river channel of the Brazos River, Texas, during a period of frequent hydrologic connectivity. Additionally, we examined stomach contents of shad to determine if ontogenetic diet shifts or faunal exchange best explained variation in isotopic ratios. Regression analysis indicated significant relationships between gizzard shad size and isotopic ratios in oxbow lakes, whereas these relationships were not significant for the main channel. Plots of individual fish in each habitat suggested that adult shad migrated into oxbow lakes during floods whereas juveniles assimilated material produced in oxbows. Some adults in oxbows had signatures similar to juveniles, and these individuals were probably long-term oxbow residents. The proportion of adults with a "river" signature was greater in the oxbow with the shortest flood recurrence interval where opportunities for faunal exchange were more frequent. Analysis of stomach contents indicated almost total overlap between adult and juvenile diets indicating that movement between habitats having different isotopic ratios of basal resources rather than ontogenetic dietary shifts best explained patterns of isotopic variation in Brazos River gizzard shad.

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