No abstract

The article proves the need to intensify the activities of railway transport enterprises, which is due to the transition of these business entities to digital, intelligent and robotic systems, in turn, this has both economic and social prerequisites. To increase the robotization of enterprises in the industry, it is necessary to use the appropriate organizational and economic mechanism, which should be built taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of railway transport enterprises. This mechanism should contain three components (target, investment, technical and technological), each of which should perform certain functions. The mechanism should be considered as a certain set of elements having systemic properties, the most important of which is target orientation. It will make it possible to minimize the above-mentioned problems, to use effective tools for the transition of the agricultural sector to digital and robotic systems, to ensure sustainable rates of development and modernization of agricultural production. The target component consists in determining the target orientation of the introduction of robotics at railway transport enterprises. The investment component should include market research of railway robotics, subsidizing the cost of purchasing robotics, regulating the pricing of robotics, and determining the amount of investment in the robotics of industry enterprises. The technical and technological component includes the identification of the needs of railway transport enterprises in robotics, the selection of robotics that best meets the requirements of a specific production unit in terms of capacity, the development of recommendations for the use of robotics for them, research and development works for the creation of robotics and digital technologies. Within the target component, three possible scenarios for the development of domestic railway robotics were identified, the implementation of which is inextricably linked to state support for this activity: inertial scenario: preservation of the state's existing positions in this field, in which railway robotics is not among the priorities of state support; scenario of fragmented support: concentration of efforts on the creation of domestic robotics in the specified individual directions; system support scenario: qualitative positive changes in the creation and mass implementation of robotics at railway transport enterprises.

Представлены пути повышения эффективности применения композитов, которыми предлагается заменить общепринятые конструкционные материалы в области машиностроения там, где это возможно; раскрыты этапы разработки программного продукта для подготовки производства изделий из композитов; представлен программный модуль для создания базы данных композитов, описан принцип работы программного продукта; отмечена необходимость в структурировании, систематизации данных о композитах и автоматизации операций поиска, анализа и принятия синтезированного решения по выбору рационального композиционного материала; изображен алгоритм, в основе которого лежит методика многокритериального анализа и выбора рационального объекта; представлен программный продукт для выбора рациональных композиционных материалов по их параметрам (плотность; предел прочности: при растяжении, сжатии, изгибе; модуль упругости; стоимость; теплопроводность и т. д.) в условиях реального производства; отражены перспективы дальнейшей реализации результатов исследований. Ключевые слова: автоматизация, эффективность, рациональный выбор, программный модуль (продукт, комплекс), подготовка производства, композиционные материалы.

No abstract

The creation of new structural materials for manufacturing parts of various technical destinations is an integral part of modern industry, inasmuch as the requirements to products are mainly directed to the decrease of their mass, hardening, conservation of properties at the influence of hostile environment and temperature without attraction of additional expenditures for manufacturing. But, in the course of cutting a tool is worn out quickly and cannot ensure high efficiency of machining. The purpose of researches consists in the technological process efficiency increase of composite material edge cutting machining. As a problem of researches is the development of the procedure for the assessment of expenditures presented depending on the peculiarities of the tool design, its capacity for work and cutting modes. For the solution of problems set there is offered a procedure for the assessment of expenditures presented which takes into account the expenses for a cutter, work material, electric power and other parameters characterizing the techniques taking into account the specificity of composite material machining. There is an expenditure binding to empirical values of the technological period of tool life and machining productivity depending on cutting modes. The procedure is realized for the optimization of the technological process of composite material milling. The recommendation for the definition of cutting modes ensuring low expenditures for manufacturing is developed.