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This paper studies the problem of where to place network caches. Emphasis is given to caches that are transparent to the clients since they are easier to manage and they require no cooperation from the clients. Our goal is to minimize the overall flow or the average delay by placing a given number of caches in the network.We formulate these location problems both for general caches and for transparent en-route caches (TERCs), and identify that, in general, they are intractable. We give optimal algorithms for line and ring networks, and present closed form formulae for some special cases. We also present a computationally efficient dynamic programming algorithm for the single server case.This last case is of particular practical interest. It models a network that wishes to minimize the average access delay for a single web server. We experimentally study the effects of our algorithm using real web server data. We observe that a small number of TERCs are sufficient to reduce the network traffic significantly. Furthermore, there is a surprising consistency over time in the relative amount of web traffic from the server along a path, lending a stability to our TERC location solution. Our techniques can be used by network providers to reduce traffic load in their network.

Abstract-As local area wireless networks based on the IEEE 802.11 standard see increasing public deployment, it is important to ensure that access to the network by different users remains fair. While fairness issues in 802.11 networks have been studied before, this paper is the first to focus on TCP fairness in 802.11 networks in the presence of both mobile senders and receivers. In this paper, we evaluate extensively through analysis, simulation, and experimentation the interaction between the 802.11 MAC protocol and TCP. We identify four different regions of TCP unfairness that depend on the buffer availability at the base station, with some regions exhibiting significant unfairness of over 10 in terms of throughput ratio between upstream and downstream TCP flows. We also propose a simple solution that can be implemented at the base station above the MAC layer that ensures that different TCP flows share the 802.11 bandwidth equitably irrespective of the buffer availability at the base station.

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