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In this study, superlight adsorbent sponges (bulk density 0.016-0.049 g·cm) were developed based on graphene oxide (GO) cross-linked with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The interlayer spacing of the GO nanosheets was increased by the insertion of PVA, and good mechanical integrity was attained by the cross-linked structure. They showed excellent continuous flow adsorption capacity (CFAC) when methylene blue (MB) was used as a model contaminant; a water flux of 396 L·m·h through a 2 cm thick adsorbent sponge was achieved at a hydraulic head of only 10 cm water, with an almost complete retention of MB. They corresponded to a water permeability of 4.0 × 10 L·m·h·MPa, which was several orders of magnitudes higher than GO-based membranes for similar applications reported in the literature. The GO nanosheets were completely immobilized in the sponge by cross-linking with PVA, and thus, there was no GO nanoparticle leaching or flushing out into the treated permeate water, which was another advantage over direct use of GO powders in water treatment. Because of the high water permeability and CFAC, the cross-linked GO/PVA sponges have a great potential for wastewater treatment.

Hypoxic environments at high altitudes influence the long-term non-altitude health of residents, by inducing changes in metabolism and the mitochondria, severe lung injury, and endangering life. This study was aimed to determine whether meldonium can ameliorate hypoxia-induced lung injury and investigate its possible molecular mechanisms. We used Swiss mice and exposed type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell to hypobaric hypoxic conditions to induce lung injury and found that meldonium has significant preventive effect, which was associated with the regulation of glycolysis. We found using human proteome microarrays assay, molecular docking, immunofluorescence and pull-down assay that the target protein of meldonium is a platelet-type phosphofructokinase (PFKP), which is a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis. Also, meldonium promotes the transfer of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, which mitigates oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage under hypoxic condition. Mechanistically, meldonium ameliorates lung injury by targeting PFKP to regulate glycolysis, which promotes Nrf2 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus to alleviate oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage under hypoxic condition. Our study provides a novel potential prevention and treatment strategy against hypoxia-induced lung injury.

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