Based on the typology of universal uses of demonstratives and presumption of translational explicitation, this paper compares and contrasts demonstratives from a semantic and pragmatic perspective. It aims to identify the translation correspondences of the English demonstratives in Lithuanian and contrast their usage in a comparable corpus to determine the cross-linguistic differences resulting from unequal distribution of lexical correspondences in both languages. This paper analyses a self-compiled parallel corpus and comparable corpus extracted from the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language to examine the translation effects at the discourse pragmatic level in the rendition of spatial deixis. The translation correspondences highlight the key role of optional implicitation caused by the availability of contextual variants in the textual uses of demonstratives in Lithuanian. The translation results also reveal that the Lithuanian three-way system of demonstratives shows signs of reduction to a two-way system, as there is an analogous distribution between the English distal demonstrative and the neutral (medial) demonstrative in Lithuanian. A comparison of original texts points to important crosslinguistic differences determined by discourse-related factors, such as higher frequencies of demonstratives in the anaphoric and recognitional functions in Lithuanian texts, which is largely determined by the unmarked status of the neutral (medial) demonstrative. While its article-like status is gaining increasing attention in the literature, the present results indicate that the (neutral) medial demonstrative is an optional indicator of identification that occurs as a stylistic and text-building preference and contributes to greater textual pragmatic explicitness of Lithuanian fiction texts.
Kiekybinė parodomųjų įvardžių vartosena verstiniame ir neverstiniame teksteŠio straipsnio tikslas yra įvertinti parodomųjų įvardžių paplitimą verstiniame lietuvių kalbos tekste bei neverstiniame anglų ir lietuvių kalbos tekste. Taikomas kiekybinis metodas ir kontrastinė analizė, paremta duomenų šaltinių trianguliacija, siekiant atskleisti, ar parodomieji įvardžiai demonstruoja skirtingus paplitimo modelius originaliame anglų kalbos ir verstiniame lietuvių kalbos tekste, palyginti su verstiniu ir neverstiniu lietuvių kalbos tekstu. Tyrimo medžiaga rinkta iš J. K. Rowling knygos "Haris Poteris ir Ugnies taurė" ir A. Tapino fantastinio romano "Vilko valanda". Nustatytos vartosenos preferencijos neleido įžvelgti reikšmingų parodomojo įvardžio vartosenos tendencijų skirtumų verstiniame ir neverstiniame lietuvių kalbos grožinės literatūros tekste, tačiau pastebėti reikšmingi tarpkalbiniai kiekybinės vartosenos skirtumai. Keliamos prielaidos, kad komunikacinio skirtumo verstiniame ir neverstiniame lietuvių kalbos tekste nėra, nes laikomasi žanrui ir kalbai būdingų deiksės vartojimo konvencijų, ir kad lietuvių kalbos tekstuose dominuoja parodomojo įvardžio vartosenos preferencijos, darančios įtaką ryškesniam teksto pragmatiniam eksplicitiškumui, nei esantis anglų kalboje.REIKŠMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: erdvės deiksė, demonstratyvai, ekvivalentiškumas, pragmatinis eksplicitiškumas, komunikacinė norma. ĮvadasDeiktinių elementų tyrimuose plačiai naudojamasi dvikrypčiais elektroniniais vertimų tekstynais, siekiant patikimai įrodyti, kad asimetrija tarp vertimų paradigmų signalizuoja ne tik tarpkalbinius sisteminius skirtumus, patvirtina arba atmeta vertimo universalijas, bet
Recent research on deictic elements has made extensive use of translation corpora to demonstrate that asymmetries between translational paradigms signal subtle contrasts from a systemic and pragmatic perspective. The purpose of the present study is to identify translation correspondences of the English spatial demonstrative this in Lithuanian and to discuss the contrastive features within the analytical framework of translational explicitation and implicitation. The results indicate that in the prototypical situational usage there is a high degree of correspondence between this and its Lithuanian translation, while textual uses demonstrate low formal equivalence. A tendency to implicitate stems from the null subject construction and object ellipsis in Lithuanian and is also a result of the availability of facultative deictic words in Lithuanian. The apparent systemic difference between the deictic systems of English and Lithuanian indicates a tendency towards optional implicitation and stylistic variation in literary translation.
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