A significant body of research has analyzed the socioeconomic determinants of ethical consumption, nevertheless, most of those studies have been conducted in high-income countries. With data from a survey with national representation (n = 11,526), this study aimed at analyzing the socioeconomic factors shaping decisions of ethical consumption in Ecuador, a middle-income country, where agroecological production has been proposed as a strategy to reduce rural poverty while promoting sustainable agriculture. Price is the principal purchasing criterion for 78% of the households in the sample, while ecological/organic label and support to local farmers account for 11 and 3% of the sample, respectively. Brand is the principal buying criterion for 8% of the sample. Consistent with prior research, the results of a multinomial probit regression show that ecological consumers are statistically likely to be wealthier and more educated than their price-driven counterparts. Contrary to the findings of previous research in Ecuador, ecological consumers do exhibit environmental awareness. Those with support to local producers as their main purchasing driver are also featured by high levels of wealth and education, nevertheless, they are not as concerned about the environment as their ecological counterparts. The implications of these findings for policy are explored in the Discussion section.
Este estudio analiza los sistemas de producción y realiza una evaluación de la gestión social del riego de la acequia Mocha-Huachi, con el objeto de evidenciar las condiciones que enfrenta la pequeña agricultura que accede al recurso hídrico con fines productivos. Se describió el proceso de conformación de la Junta, y características como legitimidad, democracia y gestión. Además, se determinó cinco tipos de productores representativos del área de influencia del canal, desde minifundistas, con predios menores a 0.5 ha hasta campesinos que tienen superficies mayores a 4 ha. Para la caracterización de cada tipo de productor se utilizaron indicadores como: disponibilidad y destino de mano de obra familiar, fuerza de trabajo utilizada en la producción, ingreso agropecuario, remuneración no agrícola y excedente o ganancia. Los resultados reflejan que: (i) la organización cuenta con un nivel de legitimidad de media a alta, otorgado por usuarios, dirigentes y actores externos, que ha permitido obtener apoyo público y privado, sin embargo de lo cual, la producción campesina enfrenta una problemática de carácter socioeconómico que rebasa el accionar de la organización de riego; (ii) la mano de obra en los hogares ha disminuido alrededor del 50% para todas las categorías; (iii) los ingresos agrícolas se sitúan entre 4 y 11 USD/día; y (iv) las tendencias denotan un progresivo aumento de actividades no agrícolas principalmente en las nuevas generaciones y una dinámica de venta de tierras a población de la ciudad con objetivo de recreación.
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