No abstract

Papua and West Papua Provinces have a very large potential of sago. Approximately 994.000 hectares, mostly natural sago forest was existed in these areas. Sago starch has long been important source of nutrition throughout Papua. Product of sago palm is not only starch as source of carbohydrate for foodstuff, but also for basic material of industries such as paper, plywood, hardboard, and food industries. Traditional sago processing have been done by local people was very labourish and inefficient. The effort to increase sago starch production could be carry out by introducing mechanical sago processing equipment. The objective of this research was to modify cylinder type of sago rasper powered by internal combustion engine. The result was variant-1 of mechanical sago rasper. In general, most component of variant-1 almost the same with former prototype except the size of cylinder�s teeth. Variant-1 has bigger cylinder�s teeth than former prototype one. The performance of variant-1 are (1) effective rasper capacity 418 kg per hour, (2) percentage of starch yield was 38,23%, and (3) starch losses in hampas is 4%.

Proses pengolahan sagu secara tradisional pada prinsipnya meliputi penebangan, pemotongan, pembelahan, penghancuran empulur, pemerasan, penyaringan, pengendapan dan pengemasan.  Tahapan awal pada proses pengolahan sagu yang paling banyak membutuhkan waktu dan tenaga yaitu pada proses penghancuran empulur.  Oleh sebab itu, untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut maka sebuah perancangan suatu alat parut sagu bertenaga manual dan motor bakar sangat diperlukan. Selain itu, studi terkait proses pemarutan empulur menggunakan mesin parut sagu tersebut merupakan hal yang penting sehingga dapat diketahui kinerja serta cara pengoperasiannya secara pasti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengoperasian alat parut sagu bertenaga manual dan motor bakar cukup mudah dimana diperoleh kapasitas pemarutan 69,46 kg/jam dan 322,52 kg/jam, rendemen pati 34,74% dan 37,44% dan evaluasi pati dalam ampas 5,67 % dan 2,34% dari penggunaan masing-masing alat.

Bakupukul manyapu is a ritual whipping each other's limbs to hurt and bleed with healing oils Mamala as nonverbal communication. The purpose of this study is to find and explain the motives, meaning and experience of Mamala society do bakupukul manyapu ritual communication. The research method using the phenomenological method that focuses on the study of meaning bakupukul manyapu ritual communication the perspective Mamala community who experience it. The research uses a qualitative approach based on constructivist paradigm with the technique of collecting data through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, study, library and documentation with supporting data based on Phenomenology perspective, symbolic interaction and social construction theory. The subject is Mamala society the perpetrator bakupukul manyapu with the purposive sampling technique. The result that Mamala society the bakupukul manyapu have a motive "because" that is the motive proud, call, test yourself, and prove, and the motive "for" attention, self-status, self-publication, and self-identity. Bakupukul manyapu experience the pain early, bloody body lashes, whip instead of the mayhem, physical appearance, the blood is dirty, self-confidence, and oil treatment. Bakupukul manyapu meaning is the offering, solicitation, hope, and social solidarity. Meaning construction that bakupukul manyapu is interesting tradition, whipping each other, challenging the local wisdom, confidence, and trust in the conduct of treatment the indigenous Mamala Moluccas of tradition ritual communication.