<p>The role of the family as a caregiver of people living with HIV/AIDS can cause a lot of stress. The purpose of this study was to explore the family burden as a caregiver of people living with HIV/AIDS. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenology approach. This research was conducted at RSUP H. Adam Malik in Medan City. Participants in this study were 4 family members who care for family members infected with HIV who were taken by purposive sampling technique. Participants' inclusion criteria were ≥17 years of age who were able to speak Indonesian and were able to tell about the burdens experienced while caring for people living with HIV/AIDS. The themes found included psychological burdens, social burdens, family problems, and role conflicts. The research conclusions illustrate that families who are caregivers in carrying out their roles are not easy because they cause psychological burdens, social burdens, economic burdens, family problems, and role conflicts. Nurses can provide nursing interventions to increase caregiver coping to reduce the burden they experience.</p>

The incidence of tuberculosis according to the WHO Global Tuberculosis report 2016, tuberculosis occupies the second position with the highest TB burden in the world. Pulmonary TB is an inflammatory disease of the lung parenchyma caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary TB can cause respiratory system disorders. Breathing is a condition in which air containing O2 enters the body and removes CO2 from the body as a residue of oxidation. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the orthopnea position on the reduction of shortness of breath in pulmonary TB patients in RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. Research design. Quasi-experimental with a two-group pretest-posttest design approach. To determine the effectiveness before and after the orthopnea position to decrease shortness of breath in pulmonary TB patients. The sample was 50 respondents, 25 for the intervention group, and 25 for the control group, using the purposive sampling technique. The study found that the mean value in the intervention group was 26,64 decreased to 21,36 and the control group was 24,80 to 24,88. Dependent test results in the intervention group obtained a value of p = 0.000 or p < 0.05 and the control group obtained a value of p = 0.161 or p> 0.05 so the intervention group had an effect and the control group had no effect. Suggestions are the effectiveness of respiratory frequency in pulmonary TB patients while the control group only measures the respiratory frequency, there is no effectiveness in pulmonary TB patients.

Impaired cognitive function in the elderly can have negative effects on the central nervous system, including decreased brain mass and reduced blood flow in the brain. This causes a decrease in interest in daily activities for the elderly. At the Binjai Social Service Nursing Home, many elderly people need assistance in carrying out their routines which previously could be done alone. Research was conducted to determine the relationship between cognitive abilities and daily activities in the elderly at the Binjai Social Service Nursing Home. The research method used is descriptive correlation with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study were all elderly people at the UPT Social Service for the Elderly of the Binjai Social Service who were ≥ 60 years old, with a total of 160 people, and a sample of 114 people was taken using the Consecutive Sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rho test. Research shows that the majority of the elderly experience probable cognitive impairment (50.0%) and the majority also experience a moderate level of dependence in carrying out daily activities (71.1%). With the Spearman rho test, it was found that there was a significant relationship between cognitive function and daily activities (p value = 0.000). Based on these findings, researchers recommend that the elderly improve their cognitive function in order to improve their ability to carry out daily activities. Thus, the elderly can remain independent and active in carrying out their routines every day.