A novel and low-cost solution to improve the radiation patterns of the on-chip patch antenna at 220 GHz is proposed. The radiation performances are enhanced by mounting the lens on the patch. The air cavity in the lens not only reduces the focal length, but also provides space for chip integration. The imaging chip and antenna are fabricated and an experimental platform is built. The responsivity and radiation patterns are measured. The 3 dB beamwidths of the with-lens detector in the E and H planes are 8°and 7°, respectively. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is obtained.

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A simple and impactful solution to reduce the size and improve the gain of extended hemispherical lens antennas is proposed. A conic extension is used for optimizing the spherical aberration of lenses. The principle is explained by ray-tracing theory, and its model is simulated, optimized and fabricated by nylon. An imaging unit is assembled by patch and the new lens. The radiation patterns are measured at 220 GHz, where close performance of the simulated and measured results is obtained. Imaging experiments have been carried out and good results were achieved.

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