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Association céréale/légumineuse et intégration agriculture-élevage en zone soudano-sahélienneMots clés : Burkina Faso ; plante de culture associée ; sécurité alimentaire ; Sorghum bicolor ; Vigna unguiculata.Thèmes : productions végétales ; systèmes agraires. Abstract Sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp intercropping for crop-livestock integration in the Sudano-Sahelian areaThe northern area of Burkina Faso -with its seriously degraded natural resources -is characterized by a sorghum or millet and cowpea intercropping system with a feeble density of cowpea. This indigenous system is unfit to cope with forage shortage, food insecurity, and environment degradation. Participatory study using surveys and experiments on farmers' plots and ram-sheds has been implemented on the site of Ziga in the Sudano-Sahelian area. The results show that rational sorghum and cowpea intercropping can resolve the problem in this milieu. This improved mixed cropping system increased grain, straw and haulm yield up by more than 25% in comparison with indigenous practice. Farmers have shown an effective need to incorporate innovation in their activities, yet they are inhibited by organizational and material constraints. Strategies of ability enhancement and sensitizing using the forum theatre could be alternatives for the promotion of the technology in rural areas.

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Soils' organic matter content can be improved with urban waste compost adoption. But these composts often include pathogens kept alive after temperature rise during composting and unwanted chemical elements such as heavy metals as well. Therefore, it's necessary to assess temperature evolution, because factor of hygienizing of urban waste composts and know composts heavy metals contents as well, before agricultural valorization. This study determined temperature evolution and heavy metal content of six composts produced from mixtures of green waste, slaughterhouse waste and kitchen waste. Aerobic composting in piles was used for four months. Temperature measurement was performed using compost thermometer. Cadmium, copper, chromium, nickel, lead, zinc and arsenic were assayed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the maximum temperatures varying from 53.7 ° C to 61.9 ° C were reached between 14th and 56th day of composting according to mixtures constituted. Several temperature peaks were noted after each turnaround, but their values were decreasing by time. Heavy metal concentrations varied from compost to compost, however, contents levels were well below in comparison with the thresholds set by the international standard NF U 44-051. Composts from various materials were the most contaminated. Temperature peaks reached could kill pathogens and hygienize the composts. Other wastes mixing formulas to be composted are to be investigated.

L'objectif de l'étude est d'évaluer la diversité taxonomique et la variabilité inter et intra-spécifique des plantes cultivées non spontanées dans un contexte de changement climatique. Les données sont collectées à l'aide d'une enquête au près de 75 producteurs menée suivant des interviews semi-structurées. Les résultats ont révélé l'existence de 122 écotypes appartenant à 49 espèces, 39 genres et 22 familles. La diversité interspécifique représentait 73% de la diversité des plantes cultivées au plan national. La variabilité intraspécifique était faible comparée à la variabilité au plan national. Elle était plus élevée chez les céréales et les cultures potagères pluviales avec 2 à 10 écotypes par espèce contre 1 à 3 écotypes par espèce chez les cultures maraîchères. Les écotypes ayant un cycle de plus de 90 jours représentant 10,5% de l'ensemble des écotypes recensés, sont menacés de disparition à cause du changement climatique. Une stratégie de collecte, de conservation, d'amélioration et de promotion de ces ressources ainsi que la restauration des écosystèmes dégradés s'avèrent nécessaire pour le maintien de la phytodiversité cultivée.