The coleopteran insect western corn rootworm (WCR) (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is a devastating crop pest in North America and Europe. Although crop plants that produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins can limit insect infestation, some insect populations have evolved resistance to Bt proteins. Here we describe an insecticidal protein, designated IPD072Aa, that is isolated from Pseudomonas chlororaphis. Transgenic corn plants expressing IPD072Aa show protection from WCR insect injury under field conditions. IPD072Aa leaves several lepidopteran and hemipteran insect species unaffected but is effective in killing WCR larvae that are resistant to Bt proteins produced by currently available transgenic corn. IPD072Aa can be used to protect corn crops against WCRs.

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Insecticide-Resistant Strains of the House Fly COMMUNICATIONS Eight insecticide-resistant strains of the house fly, representing organophosphorus, carbamate, and organochlorine resistance, were found to possess high levels of cross-resistance to the insect growth regulator (IGR) 60-40, an inhibitor of chitin synthesis. Levels of cross-resistance ranged from tenfold in a parathion-selected strain to considerably higher in a strain selected by 0ethyl 0-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)phosphoramidothioate, indicating that IGR compounds are also subject to the risk of resistance development by target populations.