Abstract-Advances in semiconductor technology have resulted in the creation of miniature medical embedded systems that can wirelessly monitor the vital signs of patients. These lightweight medical systems can aid providers in large disasters who become overwhelmed with the large number of patients, limited resources, and insufficient information. In a mass casualty incident, small embedded medical systems facilitate patient care, resource allocation, and real-time communication in the Advanced Health and Disaster Aid Network (AID-N). We present the design of electronic triage tags on lightweight, embedded systems with limited memory and computational power. These electronic triage tags use noninvasive, biomedical sensors (pulse oximeter, electrocardiogram, and blood pressure cuff) to continuously monitor the vital signs of a patient and deliver pertinent information to first responders. This electronic triage system facilitates the seamless collection and dissemination of data from the incident site to key members of the distributed emergency response community. The real-time collection of data through a mesh network in a mass casualty drill was shown to approximately triple the number of times patients that were triaged compared with the traditional paper triage system.

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W hen primary school students in the major Berberspeaking regions of Morocco returned to class in September 2004, for the first time ever they were required to study Berber (Tamazight) language. The mandatory language classes in the Rif, the Middle Atlas, the High Atlas and the Sous Valley represent the first significant policy change implemented by the Royal Institute of the Amazigh [Berber] Culture, a government body established by King Mohammed VI on October 17, o00I, following through on a promise made in July of that year on the second anniversary of his ascension to the Moroccan throne. This royal edict, or dahir, represents a dramatic reversal of legal discrimination against Imazighen (Berbers) and an explicit attempt to reclaim Berberness as "a principal element of national culture, as a cultural heritage present across all stages of Moroccan history and civilization." Since Moroccan nationalist discourse has tended to emphasize links to the high culture of Arab-Islamic civilization, and in particular the royal patriline leading back to the Prophet Muhammad, the dahir indicates a shift in, or at least an amendment to, the official national imaginary. Instead of posing Berber culture as a challenge to national unity, the king promoted embracing it as a necessary step in his project for a "democratic and modernist society." The dahir and subsequent establishment of the Royal Institute, known in Morocco by its French name, l'Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe, or IRCAM, are partly the result of domestic and international pressure to create a transparent Paul Silverstein, an editor ofMiddle East Report, teaches anthropology at Reed College. David Crawford teaches anthropology at Fairfield University.

Excessive inflow and infiltration during wet weather periods into capacityconstrained sewer systems cause sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs). The two major components of wet weather flow are inflow and infiltration, and arc the main factors found in sanitary sewer evaluation studies (SSES) or inflow/ infiltration (III) studies. Control and reduction of inflow and infiltration directly relates to effective controls for SSOs.The interaction and relative proportions of inflow and infiltration determine the extent, effectiveness and cost of control measures. Usually, control of direct inflow is the first source pursued, with the infiltration component either lumped into part of the inflow as an immediate response, or neglected because of the dominance of peak flow rates induced by inflow. The peak flow rate, as compared to sustained elevated flows from infiltration, is usually the sought-after result in SSES or III studies. Successful and accurate estimates of both rainfall-derived inflow and sustained flmvs from rainfall-derived infiltration are therefore the prime determinants ofthe effectiveness and cost of the controls.The objective of this chapter is to summarize and provide some critique of C01l\i1\0\'\ 't'\0\V -pm)ect\on met\1odo\ogies, \)articu\arly methods that\)red\ct rainfallderived inflo~v and infiltration or rainfall-derived inflow/ infiltration (RDH). A summary ofthe most common methodologies is included. Space limitation precludes site by site comparisons of each technique, even if project objectives (and funding) allowed such comparisons to be made.