Excessive inflow and infiltration during wet weather periods into capacityconstrained sewer systems cause sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs). The two major components of wet weather flow are inflow and infiltration, and arc the main factors found in sanitary sewer evaluation studies (SSES) or inflow/ infiltration (III) studies. Control and reduction of inflow and infiltration directly relates to effective controls for SSOs.The interaction and relative proportions of inflow and infiltration determine the extent, effectiveness and cost of control measures. Usually, control of direct inflow is the first source pursued, with the infiltration component either lumped into part of the inflow as an immediate response, or neglected because of the dominance of peak flow rates induced by inflow. The peak flow rate, as compared to sustained elevated flows from infiltration, is usually the sought-after result in SSES or III studies. Successful and accurate estimates of both rainfall-derived inflow and sustained flmvs from rainfall-derived infiltration are therefore the prime determinants ofthe effectiveness and cost of the controls.The objective of this chapter is to summarize and provide some critique of C01l\i1\0\'\ 't'\0\V -pm)ect\on met\1odo\ogies, \)articu\arly methods that\)red\ct rainfallderived inflo~v and infiltration or rainfall-derived inflow/ infiltration (RDH). A summary ofthe most common methodologies is included. Space limitation precludes site by site comparisons of each technique, even if project objectives (and funding) allowed such comparisons to be made.

No abstract

This paper describes the strategic financial planning process undertaken by the City of Salem, Oregon to support an estimated $1 billion (inflation-adjusted) in water-related (i.e., water, wastewater, and stormwater) infrastructure investment over the next 20 years. Understanding that the planned capital investments would place unprecedented financial pressures on the utility systems, the City embarked on a strategic financial planning process in 1998. This process followed four main tracks of analysis: 1) system development charges, 2) long-term financial planning, 3) cost of service analysis, and 4) public education and involvement.As a result of the process, the City has established a solid financial framework to move forward with its planned capital investments, in a manner consistent with community values and objectives. The City has also demonstrated to bond rating agencies and other stakeholders that it is committed to continuing to provide high quality infrastructure services at a fair and reasonable cost. The Salem model is a strong example of how to address the financing challenges that are common to many other utilities across the country today. KEY WORDSFinancial planning, rates, cost of service, system development charges.

The City of Salem is currently developing a natural treatment demonstration project. This paper describes how Salem changed its focus from within its service territory to work closely with farmers, environmentalists, watershed councils, engineers, and scientists to create the opportunity for an innovative, sustainable approach to water quality management. It explains how Salem was able to redirect its efforts to deal with the "grass roots" concerns within the watershed.

No abstract