SUMMARYReal-time substructuring is a method of dynamically testing a structure without experimentally testing a physical model of the entire system. Instead the structure can be split into two linked parts, the region of particular interest, which is tested experimentally, and the remainder which is tested numerically. A transfer system, such as a hydraulic actuator or a shaking table, is used to impose the displacements at the interface between the two parts on the experimental substructure. The corresponding force imposed by the substructure on the transfer system is fed back to the numerical model. Control of the transfer system is critical to the accuracy of the substructuring process. A study of two controllers used in conjunction with the University of Bristol shaking table is presented here. A proof-of-concept one degree-of-freedom mass-spring-damper system is substructured such that a portion of the mass forms the experimental substructure and the remainder of the mass plus the spring and the damper is modelled numerically. Firstly a linear controller is designed and tested. Following this an adaptive substructuring strategy is considered, based on the minimal control synthesis algorithm. The deleterious e ect of oilcolumn resonance common to shaking tables is examined and reduced through the use of ÿlters. The controlled response of the experimental specimen is compared for the two control strategies.

This paper presents results from a coupled thermal and power loss analysis of an open-slot permanent magnet (PM) generator. The research focus has been placed on the winding design providing minimum power loss at ac operation together with low-cost manufacture. The analysed PM generator is intended to operate at fixed-speed allowing for the winding design to be finely tuned for the single operating point. Such a design approach has not been widely reported in the literature, and the existing body of work is focused largely on the variablespeed applications, where the winding design is a compromise between the low-and high-speed operating points, for a given torque speed envelope. The ac winding power loss has been analysed for several winding variants with different conductor dimensions accounting for the winding operating temperature. The calculated results suggest that in the analysed PM generator, lower winding slot fill factor is preferable as compared with the more common approach, where the highest manufacturable winding slot fill factor is usually considered. The power loss predictions have been supplemented with thermal analysis of the complete generator assembly for the winding variants considered illustrating the importance and influence of the appropriate winding design on the power output capability of the fixed-speed PM generator. The most promising winding design for the minimum power loss at the rated operating point has been down selected for prototyping. Theoretical findings from the analysis have been compared against experimental data from hardware tests on a stator winding section showing close agreement. I.

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