The protection of urban channels becomes increasingly necessary when the levels of degradation of water resources tend to increase worldwide. This article deals with an evaluation of the water quality of the main channels (São Joaquim channel, Pirajá channel, Antônio Baena channel and Una channel) that depart from the Una hydrographic basin in the municipality of Belém, Pará State-Brazil. For the evaluation, three measurement campaigns were carried out at four points determined in the channels of the Una hydrographic basin, in the period considered mostly rainy, from April to June 2012, with the following physical-chemical parameters being surveyed: dissolved oxygen, water temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, Nitrate, pH, turbidity, Total Phosphate and fecal Coliform, for the determination of the Water Quality Index (WQI) of the channels, in addition to determining the flow of the basin using the ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler). In general, the WQI of the main channels had a regular result, only the Antônio Baena Channel had a bad WQI. The work contributes to the management and planning of water resources in the region.
O presente estudo teve o objetivo de investigar como os princípios da transparência e universalização do acesso ao saneamento básico previstos na Lei Federal nº 11.445 de 2007, que dispõe o Plano Nacional de Saneamento Básico, veem sido cumpridos e alcançados nos municípios do estado do Pará para os serviços de abastecimento de água e coleta de esgoto sanitário. Para isto, foram obtidos e analisados os dados disponibilizados pelos municípios paraenses no banco de dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações Sobre Saneamento. Os resultados demonstram que o princípio da transparência não vem sendo cumprido por boa parte desses municípios por conta ou da falta de submissão de dados ou da continuidade destes. Quanto à universalização ao acesso, foi percebido que os municípios paraenses analisados estão indo por um caminho contrário a este princípio em relação ao serviço de abastecimento de água potável, enquanto que para a coleta de esgoto sanitário, os municípios cuja análise foi possível realizar, apresentaram pequenos avanços.
The main contribution from this paper includes the hydrodynamic modeling and morphological analysis of Lake Água Preta in Belém city, Pará State, Brazil. The lake bathymetry was taken through the data provided by COSANPA (the local sanitation and water supply company) dating back to 1975, and from a 2009 field study. Both bathymetries produced two terrain elevation models, which were used for morphological analysis and hydrodynamic simulations. The morphological analysis has revealed that, from 1975 to 2009, the annual mean rate of sedimentation varies between 23,065 and 29,081 m³/year. Through this result, the sedimentation time of Lake Água Preta, from 2009, has been calculated, which varies between 295 and 381 years, maintaining the same rate of sedimentation, water consumption and pumping. The hydrodynamic model simulated the depths and velocities, showing a slight flow with velocities ranging from 0 to 33 cm/s. This flow is established between water input and output of the lake, which is used as reservoir of Belém city
O estudo consiste na elaboração e extrapolação de curvas-chave localizadas na Região Amazônica. A elevada disponibilidade hídrica da Região requer hidrogramas precisos para gestão dos Recursos Hídricos. Foram escolhidas cinco estações, com período de dados de 1971 a 2015 e o uso de 463 medições de descarga, para elaboração de curvas-chave do tipo potência e relacionando “cota x vazão” empregando duas formas de calibração: utilização do programa GrafChav e da ferramenta Solver do Excel, tendo o coeficiente de Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) como validação. A extrapolação foi realizada pelos métodos: Logarítmico, Velocidade x Área e Stevens, sendo validadas pela metodologia de pseudo-extrapolação. As duas formas de calibração da curva-chave (GrafChav e Excel) são eficientes. Quanto à extrapolação, a que obteve maior erro em relação à curva-chave foi o método de Stevens. O método com menor erro é o Velocidade x Área, desde que apresente tendência linear na relação entre cota e velocidade. A curva-chave é a etapa primordial na consistência de dados fluviométricos e requer técnicas bens aplicadas para incrementar na confiabilidade dos dados gerados. Development and Extrapolation of Rating Curves in Amazon A B S T R A C TThe study consists in the development and extrapolation of rating curves located in the Amazon. The high water availability of the Region requires accurate hydrographs for water resources management. Five stations were chosen, with a data period from 1971 to 2015 and the use of 463 discharge measurements, for the elaboration of power-type rating curves and relating “stage x flow” employing two forms of calibration: using the GrafChav program and the Excel Solver tool, with the Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) coefficient as validation. The extrapolation was performed by the following methods: Logarithmic, Velocity x Area and Stevens, being validated by the pseudo-extrapolation methodology. The two forms of rating curve calibration (GrafChav and Excel) are efficient. Regarding extrapolation, the one that obtained the greatest error in relation to the key curve was the Stevens method. The method with the smallest error is Speed x Area, as long as it presents a linear trend in the relationship between dimension and speed. The rating curve is the primordial step in the consistency of fluviometric data and requires applied good techniques to increase the reliability of the generated dataKeywords: Rating Curve, Calibration, Extrapolation.
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