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universities, commercial NDE service vendors and cable manufacturers, and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).The motivation for the R&D roadmap comes from the need to address the aging management of incontainment cables at nuclear power plants (NPPs). The most important criteria for cable performance is its ability to withstand a design basis accident. With nearly 1000 km of power, control, instrumentation, and other cables typically found in an NPP, it would be a significant undertaking to inspect all of the cables. Degradation of the cable jacket, electrical insulation, and other cable components is a key issue that is likely to affect the ability of the currently-installed cables to operate safely and reliably for another 20 to 40 years beyond the initial operating life. The development of one or more NDE techniques and models that could assist in determining the remaining life expectancy of cables or their current degradation state would be of significant interest. The ability to non-destructively determine material and electrical properties of cable jackets and insulation without disturbing the cables or connections is essential.The major emphasis of the workshop focused on the chemical changes in the material caused by the environment (thermal, radiation, and moisture, its relationship to mechanical, physical, and electrical property changes of dielectric materials used in cable insulation and jackets and the current state-of-theart in NDE techniques for detecting aging and degradation of cables. The only current technique accepted by industry to measure cable elasticity (the gold standard for determining cable insulation degradation) is the indentation measurement. All other NDE techniques are used to find flaws in the cable and do not provide information to determine the current health or life expectancy.Currently, there is no single NDE technique that can satisfy all of the requirements needed for making a life expectancy determination, but a wide range of methods have been evaluated for use in NPPs as a part of a continuous evaluation program. The commonly used methods are indentation and visual inspection, but these are only suitable for easily accessible cables. Several NDE methodologies utilizing electrical techniques are in use today for flaw detection but there are none that can predict the life of a cable.The results from the workshop identified three key areas of importance:1. Determine key indicators of cable aging that correlate with measureable changes in material properties at the macroscopic scale.iv 2. Advance state-of-the-art in current cable NDE methods and develop new and transformational NDE methods to enable in-situ cable condition measurements that can be used to assess remaining life expectancy. The data for these developments would be collected from samples generated in laboratory cable aging experiments as well as field samples.3. Develop models for predicting remaining useful life of cables based on condition indices. The data for these models would come from existing d...

The remaining reports w i 11 describe the nucl ear fuel cycle faci 1 i t i e s t o be studied and the r e s u l t s of our analyses.These reports a r e a1 1 avail able from the National Technical Information Service. T . J . Kabele Project Manager PREFACE .The o p e r a t i o n o f nucl ear f u e l c y c l e f a c i 1 i t i e s w i 11 i n t r o d u c e noxious m a t e r i a l s , both r a d i o l o g i c a l and chemical, i n t o t h e environment through b r o u t i n e discharges o f b o t h l i q u i d and a i r b o r n e e f f l u e n t s . The environmental 8 impl i c a t i o n s o f continued development o f e x i s t i n g n u c l e a r f u e l cycles and impl ementation o f new f u e l cycles must be determined systematical l y t o assure t h e t i m e l y development and demonstration o f technologies which cont r o l o r e l i m i n a t e t h e discharge o f these m a t e r i a l s .To address t h i s need f o r a comprehensive systems a n a l y s i s o f e f f l u e n t c o n t r o l technologies f o r the n u c l e a r f u e l cycles, ERDA's D i v i s i o n o f Environmental Control Technology has funded a program, Analysis o f Nuclear Fuel Cycles, a t B a t t e l l e , P a c i f i c Northwest Laboratory (PNL). The o b j e c t i v e o f t h i s program i s t o i d e n t i f y areas i n developing n u c l e a r f u e l c y c l e s ( 1 ) where environmental c o n t r o l s seem t o be inadequate, ( 2 ) where i n c o n s i st e n c i e s and c o n f l i c t s e x i s t i n environniental pol i c y , and ( 3 ) where improved environ~iiental c o n t r o l s can be j u s t i f i e d on a c o s t l b e n e f i t b a s i s ( i .e., ensure t h a t funds a r e n o t expended i n cases where n e i t h e r p o t e n t i a l e f f e c t s nor p u b l i c concerns warrant such expenditures). The program i n i t i a l l y focuses on c u r r e n t and "near f u t u r e " LWR e f f l u e n t c o n t r o l technology. L a t e r work w i l l focus on c o s t l b e n e f i t analyses o f e f f l u e n t c o n t r o l technologies f o r advanced LWR a l t e r n a t i v e f u e l c y c l e s and f o r LIYFBR f u e l c y c l e s . F u r t h e r work w i l l concentrate on a n a l y z i n g o t h e r advanced n u c l e a r energy systems (e.g., thorium, f u s i o n ) and i n t e g r a t i n g r e s u l t s from t h e various energy techno1 ogy s t u d i e s t o eval uate t h e t o t a l s t a t u s o f environmental c o n t r o l technology f o r t h e n u c l e a r i n d u s t r y .The key elements i n t h e program are:A computer code which permits c a l c u l a t i o n o f mass balances o f some 500 m a t e r i a l s i n a given f u e l c y c l e as a f u n c t i o n o f time and p r o j e c t e d e l e c t r i c a l energy demand A c o s t a n a l y s i s o f each f a c i l i t y i n a given f u e l c y c l e ( b o t h c a p i t a l and o p e r a t i n g c o s t s ) An environmental assessment a n a l y s i s f o r each e f f l u e n t i n a g i v e n f u e l c y c l e which compares c a l c u l a t e d e f f l u e n t ...

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