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Objective To determine the effect of inhibiting aromatase activity on endometrial lesion growth and aromatase expression in a baboon model of induced endometriosis. Design Prospective Study Setting Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya Animals: 16 olive baboons Intervention 16 olive baboons with induced endometriosis were examined with laparoscopy 10 months after disease inoculation. Animals in Group 1 (n=10) were treated with 1.25 mg/d of the aromatase inhibitor (AI) letrozole and animals in Group 2 (n=6) were given a placebo for a total of 6 months Main Outcome Measure Total number of endometriotic lesions, morphology and volume of leisions as well as semi-quantitative RT-PCR and quantitative PCR for levels of aromatase cytochrome mRNA were measured. Ovarian volumes were evaluated prior to treatment initiation and every 2 months during the study. Results Treatment of Group 1 animals with an AI significantly decreased lesion volume from baseline measurements whereas the placebo-treated animals showed an increase in lesion volume. Aromatase mRNA levels in lesions in the AI-treated animals were significantly lower compared with the placebo-treated animals. Ovarian volumes were significantly increased at six months of AI treatment compared to pre-treatment volumes. Conclusions These findings suggest that suppression of aromatase cytochrome P450 may inhibit the in vivo growth of endometriotic lesions in baboons.

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Atipamezole at 100 microg/kg is sufficient for rapid and smooth reversal of KET/XYL anesthesia in the Olive baboon with minimal side effects.