No abstract

Apelin is a novel adipokine identified as an endogenous ligand of the specific orphan receptor APJ. Among the various isoforms of apelin, an increase in the apelin-36 plasma level has been associated with oxidative stress, and this isoform has various biological effects, such as positive inotropic, vasodilatory, and antiatherosclerotic effects. Therefore, apelin-36 may be used as a biomarker of heart failure (HF). Advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HF cannot be achieved without the use of animal models. However, it is unclear whether chronic systemic hypoxia can cause HF in rats. The present study aimed to determine whether chronic systemic hypoxia can cause HF in rats and whether apelin-36 can be used as a biomarker of HF. The study included Sprague–Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 4). One of the groups was a control group, and the six other groups were exposed to hypoxia (8% O2) for different durations (6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, and 14 days). The exposure groups showed ventricular hypertrophy accompanied by myocardial structural damage, which indicated ventricular remodeling. In addition, the exposure groups showed elevated apelin-36 plasma levels and signs of oxidative stress. Moreover, gel electrophoresis of heart tissue showed five bands that corresponded to apelin isotypes, including apelin-36. In an experimental rat HF model with chronic systemic hypoxia, apelin-36 was elevated along with oxidative stress. Apelin-36 along with oxidative stress may serve as a biomarker of HF in this model.

Background: Aging is a process that every living creature will pass through and involves various factors. Increased inflammatory factors can be caused by hypoxia which forms Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and damages macromolecules and causes the acceleration of the aging process. Maja plants, empirically have long been used as medicinal plants, research on Maja leaves shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential.Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out and understand the potential of Maja fruit in the presence of inflammatory markers of IL-6 and TNF-α which are involved in the aging process.Methods: This research was in vivo experimental, using male experimental animals Sprague Dawley rats divided into 8 groups (n = 4), and divided into 2 groups (fed with Maja ethanol extract (400 mg/ kg/day, 14 days) and not force-fed). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups (normoxia, hypoxia (O2 8%, N2 92%) for 3, 7 and 14 days). At the end of the trial period, animal blood was examined for IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations using the ELISA method.Results: The results showed an increase in levels of IL-6 and TNF-α both in the group fed and not fed in line with the duration of hypoxia when compared with controls. However, groups that are not force-fed show a higher pattern compared to those who are force-fed.Conclusion : The ethanol extract of Maja fruit can help slow down the aging process.

Hipoksia merupakan keadaan kekurangan oksigen yang dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif apabila terjadi ketidakseimbangan prooksidan dan antioksidan. Dalam menyeimbangkan hipoksia, tubuh membutuhkan antioksidan yaitu katalase sebagai antioksidan endogen dan daun ara sebagai antioksidan eksogen. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hipoksia sistemik kronik terhadap aktivitas spesifik katalase darah dan organ paru tikus setelah diberi daun ara.  Studi ini merupakan studi eksperimental in vitro terhadap aktivitas spesifik katalase tikus yang dihipoksia sistemik kronik setelah pemberian ekstrak daun ara. Ekstrak daun ara didapatkan dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol. Tikus Sprague dawley dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok dengan setiap kelompok berisi 4 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok dosis ekstrak daun ara yaitu dosis kental (300 mg/KgBB/hari) dan dosis encer (150 mg/KgBB/hari). Tiap kelompok dosis dibagi lagi menjadi kelompok tidak dihipoksia, kelompok hipoksia (8%O2, 96% N2) 1, 3 dan 7 hari. Aktivitas spesifik katalase diukur dengan metode Mates. Hasil studi ini didapatkan peningkatan aktivitas spesifik katalase paru dan darah pada hari pertama yang disebabkan oleh hipoksia dan penurunan aktivitas spesifik katalase setelah diberikan ekstrak daun ara. Terdapat korelasi antara aktivitas spesifik katalase paru dan darah pada kelompok kental, namun tidak pada kelompok encer. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa hipoksia akan menyebabkan stres oksidatif, yang akan direduksi oleh antioksidan endogen maupun eksogen.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (RJP) is a useful rescue technique in an emergency. In Indonesia data on the level of CPR knowledge in the community, especially young adults are still minimal, so researchers are interested in knowing the level of CPR knowledge in young people, especially students. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge and the influence of online training on changes in the level of knowledge about CPR. Research that uses cross sectional descriptive research design to determine the level of knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and pre-test and post-test design to find out the difference in knowledge levels before being given intervention and after being given CPR knowledge intervention. The online CPR training activity was attended by 287 respondents, consisting of 63 men and 224 women. The age range that took part in this study was 16 years to 29 years, with the majority of respondents aged 18 years. The result of the average pretest score is 46.73 and the posttest average is 53.47. The statistical test showed that there was a significant difference between the respondents' pretest scores compared to the post-test scores (Wilcoxon, p=0.000). It can be concluded that there was an increase in the knowledge of participants who took part in the CPR training.Resusitasi jantung paru (RJP) merupakan teknik penyelamatan yang berguna dalam keadaan darurat. Di Indonesia data mengenai tingkat pengetahuan RJP pada masyarakat khususnya dewasa muda masih minim. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan resusitasi jantung paru  dan pengaruh training online terhadap perubahan tingkat pengetahuan mengenai RJP. Penelitian yang menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif cross sectional untuk menentukan gambaran tingkat pengetahuan resusitasi jantung paru dan pre-test and post-test design untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan sebelum diberikan intervensi dan sesudah diberikan intervensi pengetahuan RJP. Kegiatan pelatihan RJP daring diikuti oleh 287 responden, yang terdiri dari 63 laki-laki dan 224 perempuan. Rentang usia yang mengikuti penelitian ini adalah 16 tahun hingga 29 tahun, dengan responden terbanyak berusia 18 tahun. Hasil nilai rata-rata prestest sebesar 46.73 dan nilai rata-rata posttest adalah 53.47. Uji statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara nilai pretest responden dibanding nilai post test (Wilcoxon, p=0.000). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peserta yang mengikuti pelatihan RJP.