The past 40 years has seen astonishing growth of the city of Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, extending from the core city that had <5 million residents in 1970. Today, the main city is home to over 10 million permanent residents, thus classifying it as one of the world's 28 megacities, 16 of which are in Asia. The city's population increases by 2·5 million during working days; physically, the city has simply emerged with its suburban satellite towns such that Greater Jakarta, generally referred to as Jabodetabek, caters for a population of 29 million, which is expected to increase to 50 million over the next 30 years, putting Greater Jakarta firmly in the metacity category. As elsewhere, Jakarta is grappling with all the technical, administrative and social problems that rapid urbanisation entails. The first part of this two-part paper examines the growth of the future metacity by tracing the historical background from which the city has grown; a small sixteenth century fishing village famous only for its clean water. The analysis concentrates on the key development of the city port and and land-based transportation that present two key challenges for providing a functioning liveable city that is able to cope with its fast rate of expansion.

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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change uses an average global temperature in its analysis of a warming Earth – yet in reality the world has many widely different regional environments. This paper proposes that the Köppen-Geiger regional zoning system would be a practical basis for civil engineers to progress towards net zero greenhouse gas emissions. The effect of climate change on the profession is discussed along with reducing the emissions of construction materials, such as by using more wood and other organic materials. The impact on civil engineering design is considered with reference to water resources projects, plus how this needs to be included in teaching.

The paper describes the humanitarian engineering interventions made by the East Bali Poverty Project (EBPP), a private charity founded and managed by a British civil engineer in 1998 in Desa Ban, an impoverished area on the northeast slopes of Mount Agung, Bali. The abject poverty of the area -which had no access to the outside world, no schools, no clinics, no sanitation and no rivers or water supply -stemmed in part from the cataclysmic eruptions of Mount Agung in 1963, when a blanket of ash, sand and gravel was deposited over much of the area, ruining an already poor and fragile landscape. The first 10 years of EBPP's targeted interventions, chosen by the local people -improving health and education for their children -were the first priorities and were presented in previous Institution of Civil Engineers Proceedings. This paper examines the many humanitarian engineering elements that have been adopted and carried out in a sustainable manner in a very culturally sensitive and challenging physical environment over a 17-year period.

The past 40 years has seen an astonishing growth of the city of Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, extending from the core city, which in 1970 housed <5 million people. Today, the main city is home to more than 10 million permanent residents, classifying it as one of the world's 28 megacities, of which 16 are in Asia. The city's population increases by 2·5 million during working days, but physically the city has simply merged with its suburban satellite towns such that Greater Jakarta, generally referred to as Jabodetabek, caters for a population of 29 million, which is expected to increase to 50 million over the next 30 years, putting Greater Jakarta firmly in the metacity category. As elsewhere, Jakarta is grappling with all the technical, administrative and social problems that rapid urbanisation entails, compounded by a problem of serious subsidence of surface sediment brought about by long-term and continuing underground water abstraction. Dealing with this, together with water supply, wastewater, sanitation, solid waste and other utility issues such as power and telecommunication are, and remain, high on the city development agenda for the foreseeable future. This paper looks at these problems and makes recommendations for the future development of Jakarta as a sustainable metacity.