Jakarta Metropolitan Area has been facing problem in terms of congestion and its chain effect, namely time value loss, high fuel consumption, and high greenhouse gas emission. The problem is caused by many factors, namely high population, high use of the private vehicle, inadequate current public transport supply, urban sprawling, etc. The government, both City and National Government has been formulating and implementing a plan to develop sustainable transportation that serves the citizen of Jakarta Metropolitan Area. This included the operation of Jakarta Bus Rapid Transit, KRL Commuter Line and Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit. In the near future, both inner city and metropolitan light rapid transit will also operate in this area. This paper reviews the development and challenge of the transportation system in Jakarta Metropolitan Area and proposes a recommendation to optimize the current transport system. In general, there are three components that should be considered to achieve sustainable transportation. Those components are i) strong transport authority, ii) integrated master plan, iii) Sustainable Resources, Funding, and Financing.

Intercity roads, rail networks and air transport in Java, Indonesia, have suffered greatly due to the congestion of goods and passenger transport. The plan to build a 730 kilometer high-speed rail (HSR) route from Jakarta, the state capital, to Surabaya, the capital of East Java Province, has been discussed in the public sphere for years. The Government of Indonesia (GOI) plans to connect these two cities by HSR to supplement the alternatives, such as conventional rail, air and toll roads. The HSR service is expected to reduce the existing average intercity train travel time from nine hours to five hours, or even to three depending on the maximum design speed. Currently, door-to-door air travel may take five hours. Another goal of the Jakarta-Surabaya HSR is to improve accessibility between major cities in Java, reduce congestion between them, and reduce air pollution, accidents and energy consumption along the transport corridor. The purpose of this study is to estimate the number of passengers from existing modes of transportation (e.g. road, rail and air) who would be willing to change their choice of mode to the planned high-speed trains. The data for the study are based on stated choice questions posed to respondents, in which the differences in attributes such as travel time and cost; service frequency or headway; and accessibility, such as the distance and cost to reach the stations, are the main factors influencing switching behavior to the new HSR services. The chosen model is the MNL III model, with 45.36% accuracy and 0.128 pseudo R-square. By using the Multinomial Logit model (MNL), the study reveals that the most important variable is travel time, followed by frequency and cost. The MNL model is also used to estimate the initial HSR ridership to produce the demand forecast along the planning horizon.

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The past 40 years has seen astonishing growth of the city of Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, extending from the core city that had <5 million residents in 1970. Today, the main city is home to over 10 million permanent residents, thus classifying it as one of the world's 28 megacities, 16 of which are in Asia. The city's population increases by 2·5 million during working days; physically, the city has simply emerged with its suburban satellite towns such that Greater Jakarta, generally referred to as Jabodetabek, caters for a population of 29 million, which is expected to increase to 50 million over the next 30 years, putting Greater Jakarta firmly in the metacity category. As elsewhere, Jakarta is grappling with all the technical, administrative and social problems that rapid urbanisation entails. The first part of this two-part paper examines the growth of the future metacity by tracing the historical background from which the city has grown; a small sixteenth century fishing village famous only for its clean water. The analysis concentrates on the key development of the city port and and land-based transportation that present two key challenges for providing a functioning liveable city that is able to cope with its fast rate of expansion.

Worsening traffic congestion has been a daily scene in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. According to Jakarta Central Statistics Agency [1], in 2015, more than 10 million people reside in Jakarta, and the population grows 1.09% annually. Moreover, Younger et al. [2] stated that during the daytime on working days the population increases by 2.5 million as people from neighboring areas, e.g., Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi, which are parts of Jakarta Metropolitan Area (Jabodetabek) commute to the city.