The sharp rise in the level of Lake Victoria between 1961 and 1964 has been found difficult to explain in terms of the components of the water balance. After reviewing lake inflows and the method of calculating lake rainfall from lakeside gauges, the historic lake water balance has been reproduced. The rise in lake level can be explained through rainfall and resulting tributary inflows, which would allow projections of possible future levels to be made by analysis of rainfall series. Bilan hydrologique du Lac Victoria RESUME L'élévation sensible du niveau du Lac Victoria enregistrée entre 1961 et 1964 était restée difficile à expliquer en terme de bilan hydrologique. Après révision des débits arrivant dans le lac et de la méthode de calcul des précipitations sur l'étendue du lac, un modèle historique a pu être reproduit. L'élévation du niveau du lac peut alors être expliquée par la combinaison des précipitations et de l'effet résultant des débits des tributaires. Les évolutions futures du niveau du lac pourraient être prévues par l'analyse des séries de précipitations.
Water balance models have been used to examine trends in the level of Lake Victoria over this century. A monthly model developed in a previous study for the period 1925 to 1978 has been improved and the simulation period extended to 1990. Also, an annual model has been used to extend the water balance back to the start of the century. The simulations confirm the results from previous studies which showed that the observed variations in lake level can be explained primarily in terms of natural variations in rainfall over the lake and surrounding basin. An idealized interpretation of these variations is presented which illustrates the long response time of this large lake and which is used to speculate on the likely future behaviour of the lake.
This paper makes use of a water balance study of a mountainous area with a wide range of average annual rainfall in an arid and semiarid region to illustrate the development of both a statistical model of daily rainfall and a rainfall-runoff model. The models are appropriate for these conditions and may be relevant to similar areas. Comparisons of mean rainfall and runoff at the arid end of the scale suggest that runoff coefficients do not conform to common assumptions. Précipitation et écoulement au YemenRésumé Cet article utilise une étude du bilan hydrologique d'une zone montagneuse où la variabilité des précipitations moyennes annuelles est importante dans une région aride à semi-aride pour illustrer l'élaboration d'un modèle statistique des pluies journalières et d'un modèle pluiedébit. Ces modèles sont spécialement conçus en fonction des conditions de la région et devraient être appropriés pour des régions similaires. La comparaison des précipitations et des écoulements moyens quant ils tendent vers zéro conduit à penser que les coefficients d'écoulement ne sont pas conformes aux hypothèses classiques.
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