Rainfall and runoff in Yemen

Farquharson, F. A. K.; Plinston, David; Sutcliffe, J. V.

doi:10.1080/02626669609491546

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Rainfall ranges from of 400 to 800 mm in the southern, central, and western highlands and decreases steadily to below 300 mm in northern and eastern highlands. Average temperatures are dominantly controlled by altitude . Climate data for the collection sites in this work are summarized in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Essential Oil Compositions of Lavandula pubescens (Lamiaceae) Aerial Parts Growing Wild in Yemen

Al-Badani

Silva

Setzer

et al. 2017

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Lavandula pubescens Decne. is one of five Lavandula species growing wild in Yemen. The plant is used in Yemeni traditional medicine, and the essential oil tends to be rich in carvacrol. In this work, L. pubescens was collected from eight different locations in Yemen, the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation, and the oils analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to differentiate between the L. pubescens samples. The essential oils were rich in carvacrol (60.9 - 77.5%), with lesser concentrations of carvacrol methyl ether (4.0 - 11.4%), caryophyllene oxide (2.1 - 6.9%), and terpinolene (0.6 - 9.2%). The essential oil compositions in this study showed very high similarity, but it was possible to discern two separate groups based on minor components, in particular the concentrations of terpinolene, carvacrol methyl ether, m-cymen-8-ol, and caryophyllene oxide.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Essential Oil Compositions of Lavandula pubescens (Lamiaceae) Aerial Parts Growing Wild in Yemen

Al-Badani

Silva

Setzer

et al. 2017

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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“…Although these coastal lowlands might also have offered resources for the Pleistocene populations (Bailey, 2009), the significantly more arid climate of the Tihama coastal plain presented conditions less favorable to long-term settlement than those of the interior foothills where the sites are located. Current mean annual rainfall is between 300 and 400 mm and drops to less than 100 mm along the coast (Farquharson et al, 1996). Prevailing arid conditions during the occupation of SD1 are signaled by the presence of fauna (particularly Equus sp.…”

Section: An Inland Occupation During Mis 3 Arid Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Inland human settlement in southern Arabia 55,000 years ago. New evidence from the Wadi Surdud Middle Paleolithic site complex, western Yemen

Delagnes¹,

Tribolo²,

Bertrán³

et al. 2012

Journal of Human Evolution

101

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The recovery at Shi'bat Dihya 1 (SD1) of a dense Middle Paleolithic human occupation dated to 55 ka BP sheds new light on the role of the Arabian Peninsula at the time of the alleged expansion of modern humans out of Africa. SD1 is part of a complex of Middle Paleolithic sites cut by the Wadi Surdud and interstratified within an alluvial sedimentary basin in the foothills that connect the Yemeni highlands with the Tihama coastal plain. A number of environmental proxies indicate arid conditions throughout a sequence that extends between 63 and 42 ka BP. The lithic industry is geared toward the production of a variety of end products: blades, pointed blades, pointed flakes and Levallois-like flakes with long unmodified cutting edges, made from locally available rhyolite. The occasional exploitation of other local raw materials, that fulfill distinct complementary needs, highlights the multi-functional nature of the occupation. The slightly younger Shi'bat Dihya 2 (SD2) site is characterized by a less elaborate production of flakes, together with some elements (blades and pointed flakes) similar to those found at SD1, and may indicate a cultural continuity between the two sites. The technological behaviors of the SD1 toolmakers present similarities with those documented from a number of nearly contemporaneous assemblages from southern Arabia, the Levant, the Horn of Africa and North Africa. However, they do not directly conform to any of the techno-complexes typical of the late Middle Paleolithic or late Middle Stone Age from these regions. This period would have witnessed the development of local Middle Paleolithic traditions in the Arabian Peninsula, which suggests more complex settlement dynamics and possible population interactions than commonly inferred by the current models of modern human expansion out of Africa.

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“…The current average annual rainfall increases gradually with altitude, up to 1000 mm, and depends on two systems: the Red Sea Convergence Zone and the monsoonal Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which are active in spring, summer, and autumn to a lesser extent (Farquharson et al, 1996). Wadi Surdud, as well as the six other major Wadi systems in the western highlands, drain west into the Red Sea, and have permanently flowing water in their upper reaches, while they retain water throughout the year in deep pools along their middle and lower reaches but their waters do not reach the Red Sea, except during rare periods of heavy rainfall (Scholte, 1992).…”

Section: Wadi Surdud Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The climate along the Red Sea is hot. The average annual rainfall falls below 100 mm, and precipitation events are limited to sparse and high intensity storm rainfalls (Farquharson et al, 1996), with 80% of the annual rainfall received during the winter months. The coastal landscape is composed of high energy sandy or gravelly beaches backed by sand dunes and low cliffs.…”

Section: Wadi Surdud Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural and human dynamics in southern Arabia at the end of the Middle Paleolithic

Delagnes

Crassard

Bertrán

et al. 2013

Quaternary International

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a b s t r a c tThe Arabian Peninsula has long been considered as a region devoid of long-term human settlement until the Holocene period, as a result of drastic climatic changes throughout the Pleistocene. It might be expected that the area was deserted during hyper-arid and arid periods, and populated by new migrant groups during humid events, according to a "push and pull" phenomenon. Although this scenario may be perfectly valid for a large part of the Peninsula, a set of recent data points to the persistence of populations in several regions, which may have served as refugia for human groups who developed their own technological traditions. Such a scenario is suggested by:(1) The succession of dense human occupations under arid conditions between ca. 60 and 50 ka, in the Wadi Surdud basin, a small sedimentary basin in the foothills of the Yemeni Western Highlands. This archaeological site complex encompasses several successive human settlements characterized by a Middle Paleolithic tradition which significantly differs from the Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age contemporaneous traditions from neighboring regions; (2) The regional diversity of the Middle Paleolithic throughout the Saharo-Arabian arid belt during MIS 3, expressed by an array of local techno-typological facies that likely relate to distant and disconnected source regions where populations contracted when climate worsened.Together with a set of high-resolution archaeological contexts recently discovered in the Arabian Peninsula and dated to MIS 5, these data suggest that the major human expansion waves which occurred in the region during the Upper Pleistocene are correlated with the wet phases of MIS 5, while populations probably contracted into a few refugia areas at the beginning of MIS 3.

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Rainfall and runoff in Yemen

Cited by 31 publications

References 2 publications

Variations in Essential Oil Compositions of Lavandula pubescens (Lamiaceae) Aerial Parts Growing Wild in Yemen

Variations in Essential Oil Compositions of Lavandula pubescens (Lamiaceae) Aerial Parts Growing Wild in Yemen

Inland human settlement in southern Arabia 55,000 years ago. New evidence from the Wadi Surdud Middle Paleolithic site complex, western Yemen

Cultural and human dynamics in southern Arabia at the end of the Middle Paleolithic

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