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A description is given of the methodology based on a single, aircraft-mounted spectroscopic imager to tomographically reconstruct airglow perturbations induced by atmospheric gravity waves. In this configuration, the imager passes under the airglow structure to gather multiple-angle views of the wave structure in a relatively short amount of time. Under the assumption that the airglow structure does not change significantly during the acquisition interval, the data can be tomographically inverted to estimate the 2D (horizontal-vertical) airglow structure. We develop an inversion strategy for this image formation task and illustrate its applicability by inverting time-sequential imaging data taken from different vantage points during the ALOHA-93 campaign to reconstruct atmospheric gravity wave structures.

The main problem of this research was the study of relationships between perceived self-efficacy and coping. Relationships between self-efficacy and irrational thought patterns were also studied. Although it has been shown that persons who are highly self-effacious effectively deal with life stressors, there appears to be no knowledge of the specific ways in which such persons cope. Hypothesis I: There is a positive relationship between perceived self-efficacy with respect to dealing with a significant stressor and the following coping mechanisms: perseverance, positive thinking, self-adaptation, rational action, and restraint. Hypothesis II: There is a negative relationship between perceived self-efficacy with respect to dealing with a significant stressor and the following coping mechanisms: escapist fantasy, self-blame, passivity, indecisiveness, sedation, and hostile reaction. Hypothesis III: There is a positive relationship between perceived self-efficacy with respect to dealing with a significant stressor and the complexity of coping responses used, as indicated by the number of different coping mechanisms employed to deal with that stressor. Hypothesis IV: There is a negative relationship between perceived self-efficacy with respect to dealing with a significant stressor and the level of endorsement of irrational beliefs. Hypothesis V: There is a positive relationship between perceived self-efficacy with respect to dealing with a significant stressor and how effectively this stressor was dealt with in the past. A sample of university students was used to study the above hypotheses. These subjects participated in a research procedure that consisted of two phases. In the first phase subjects were asked to identify the most stressful encounter that they knew they would face in the next 2 weeks. They were then asked to indicate their degree of perceived self-efficacy to deal effectively with the stressor. In this phase they were also administered the Irrational Beliefs Test (Jones, 1969, 1977), a measure of irrational thought patterns. In Phase 2 subjects were asked to think about the stressor they chose in Phase 1 and then asked to think about the stressor they chose in Phase 1 and then asked to respond to the Coping Mechanism Scale (McCrae, 1984), in order to indicate the ways in which they coped with the stressor. The Coping Mechanism Scale consists of the revised Ways of Coping checklist (Folkman & Lazarus, 1985b) and the Coping Questionnaire checklist (McCrae, 1984, undated). In Phase 2 participants of the study were again asked to indicate the degree of their perceived self-efficacy with respect to the stressor if they were faced with it again in the near future. The results of the study did not support Hypothesis I, II, or III. Hypothesis IV and V, on the other hand, were strongly supported. There was a negative relationship between self-efficacy and the endorsement of irrational belief patterns. This finding suggest that people who are highly self-effacious tend to have a lower level of endorsement of irrational belief patterns. Hypothesis V was supported by the observation of a strong positive relationship between subjects’ second (Phase 2) assessment of self-efficacy and their judgments as to how well they thought they had handled the stressor and how well they thought the stressful situation turned out.

This paper establishes the experimental validation of a new technique to estimate the key intrinsic atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) parameters from imagery of mesospheric airglow layers. The technique provides two independent methods for estimating AGW parameters. In one method, the magnitude of the wave fluctuations is analyzed from image data simultaneously acquired from different locations on the ground to estimate the vertical wavelength. In the other, the phase of the wave is analyzed over time from multiple layers to estimate its vertical wavelength and frequency. After a brief overview of the technique, it is applied to a dataset acquired during the New Mexico Wave Campaign (NMWC) in 2010-2011.

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