The Jourard and Lasakow (1958) Self-disclosure Questionnaire was administered to 120 high school students in order to examine relationships of birth order, race, and sex to self-disclosure. Results indicated that later borns disclosed more than firstborns, whites disclosed more than Negroes, and mother was the favorite target person. Further, firstborn Negroes disclosed less than any other group, females disclosed most to mother and female friend while males disclosed least to female friend, firstborns disclosed most to mother, and whites disclosed more to father than Negroes. Results were discussed in relation to possible child-rearing practices affecting the meaningfulness of interpersonal relationships established by the various birth ranks.In an attempt to clear up some of the inconsistencies in the literature dealing with ordinal position of birth, a study was undertaken (Dimond & Munz, 1967) which related birth order to meaningfulness of interpersonal relationships (Jourard & Lasakow, 1958). The hypothesis that later born individuals disclose more than firstborn individuals was upheld. It was also found that females disclose more than males and that females disclose more to mother and female friend as "target persons" than to father and male friend, mother being the favorite "target person" of both sexes.In that research (Dimond & Munz, 1967) a random, but restricted. sample of each condition of sex and ordinal position of birth (first-and later born) was drawn from a middle class high school. There was no attempt made to control for race in the sample and it is not known what percentage in the group was Negro. Since the results and interpretations appear to be important for the birth-order literature, it should be noted that previous self-disclosure studies using the Jourard and Lasakow ( 1958) Self-disclosure Questionnaire found significant differences on the parameter of race (Jourard & Lasakow, 1958). Negroes disclosed themselves to others significantly less than whites. Further, Negroes tended to disclose little to all significant others but mother. Therefore, in attempting to ( 1 ) clarify some of the existing inconsistencies in the birth-order literature and ( 2 ) objectify the relationship of race to the previous research (Dimond 8: Munz, 1967), it was the purpose of the present study to assess the effects of birth order, sex and race on self-disclos~ue by sampling first-and later born whites of each sex and first-and later born Negroes of each sex employing a more sophisticated sampling technique. Further, the present study explored the interactions between racial groups as functions of birth order and self-disclosure.'Now at Kent State University.

Faculty who educate and train psychology students in consulting from clinical, counseling, school, and industrial/organizational graduate programs were identified via mail from department chairs and program directors. Of 197 faculty members identified, 89 (46.9% response rate) completed a detailed survey questionnaire about demographics and professional consulting activities, including teaching practices in consulting in their graduate program. Results were somewhat encouraging within industrial/organizational and school psychology programs and least positive in counseling/clinical programs, especially clinical programs. Detailed results are presented along with some implications for future graduate training in consulting psychology. A call is made for convening a national conference on educational standards in consulting psychology. Historically, consultants have had a specialty in clinical, counseling, industrial/organizational (I/O), or school psychology but have received little preparation in the actual process of consultation. Recently, however, formal training in consultation has received increased attention in the literature as this method of service delivery becomes a more important aspect of the role of many psychologists (Zins, Kratochwill, & Elliott, 1993). It has become clear that proficiency in consultation requires not only specialty knowledge and skills but also competency in the consultation process, a skill that frequently transcends all specialty areas in psychology. In other words, specialty area skills and expertise alone do not necessarily im-ply proficiency as a consultant (Robinson Kurpius, Fuqua, Gibson, Kurpius, & DavidT. Hellkamp is a clinical/consulting psychologist and professor of psychology at Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio. He is a fellow of Division 13, a former president of the Division of Consulting Psychology, and a former president of the Ohio Psychological Association. He served on the American Psychological Association Council of Representatives from 1989 to 1992. His areas of specialization in consulting are forensic psychology, sports psychology, and community psychology. He serves as an associate editor of Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research. Joseph E. Zins is a professor in the College of Education at the University of Cincinnati and a consulting psychologist with the Beechwood Independent Schools. He is editor of the Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation and has published more than 115 articles, chapters, and books. He is a fellow of Divisions 13, 16,27, and 37 of the American Psychological Association. Kathleen Ferguson and Michelle Hodge both received their MA degrees in psychology from Xavier University, Kathleen Ferguson is completing her PhD in psychology at the University of Kansas.

1992 was the celebrated 100th anniversary of the American Psychological Association. The Division of Consulting Psychology had the distinction of celebrating two birthdays in 1992, it's 67th birthday if one dates the origin of the Division of Consulting Psychology to Article XI of the By-Laws ofAPA or it's 46th birthday if one dates it's birth (or rebirth) as a Division in APA to 1946. Wilbur Rigby (1992 has documented an early history of Division 13 , whereas my focus will document aspects of the more recent history of the Division (1972-present). Within the realm of oximorons, this paper might be titled a "modern history" of Division 13. Definitions of Consulting PsychologyIn the early to mid-1970's, the Executive Board of the Division of Consulting Psychology focused on a review of the organization. The officers, committee members and former leaders of Division 13 were asked to re-evaluate the role of the Division, including trying to identify acceptable

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PROBLEMThe Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test@) is a popular test for diagnosing organicity. In 1960, Hutt and Briskin introduced a scoring system for the BenderGestalt in which a S would be diagnosed as organic if he made 5 or more of the following types of errors on the Bender-Gestalt: (1) rotation, (2) overlapping difficulty, (3) closure difficulty, (4) cohesion, (5) perseveration, (6) retrogression, (7) angulation difficulty, (8) fragmentation, (9) collision, (10) simplification, (11) impotence, and (12) motor incoordination'E). Brilliant and Gynther ( 3 ) found the Hutt-Briskin scoring system to be quite easy t o apply and, more importantly, quite effective in differentiating normal Ss from organic Ss when used with a heterogeneous sample of psychiatric patients. Brilliant and Gynther (3 ) and other researchers ) also noted a significant correlation between intelligence and performance on the Bender-Gestalt. It seems reasonable, therefore, to question whether the Hutt-Briskin scoring system is equally effective in differentiating normal Ss from organic Ss a t different I& levels. This study evaluated the relationship of I& t o Bender-Gestalt errors as measured by the Hutt-Briskin scoring system and examined the discriminative power of this scoring system for various I& ranges. METHODThe Ss were 240 patients hospitalized in a large state mental hospital. Of these Ss, 120 were diagnosed chronic brain syndrome by their admitting physician. The physician's diagnosis was made without knowledge of the results of psychological testing. Moreover, these patients met a t least one, and in many cases several, of the following criteria above and beyond that of diagnosis of CBS by the admitting physician: (1) history of epilepsy; (2) history of seizures; (3) abnormal EEG; (4) diagnosis of CBS by a consulting neurologist; ( 5 ) identifiable brain lesion or tumor; (6) established destruction of brain tissue through intrusion of foreign bodies or through stroke.The remaining 120 Ss were patients diagnosed as functional disorders with no history of alcoholism, brain trauma or other neurological disorders, and who appeared normal on a neurological examination. All Ss had been administered both a Full Scale WAIS and a Bender-Gestalt as part of an admission evaluation. On the basis of the WAIS I& scores, 20 organic and 20 nonorganic Ss were assigned to each of the following groups: I& 60 -69; I& 70 -79; I& 80 -89; I& 90 -99; I& 100 -109; I& 110 and above. Each organic S who had a secondary diagnosis of psychosis or neurosis was matched with a nonorganic S from the same I& range who also had a diagnosis of psychosis or neurosis respectively. All organic Ss without secondary diagnoses were matched with nonorganic Ss with diagnoses of personality disorder. The Bender-Gestalt of each patient was then coded to avoid patient identification. Following coding, each of the three authors of this study was randomly assigned 80 of the 240 Bender-Gestdts for scoring according to the Hutt-Briskin scoring system. Prior to such scoring, however...