It is proposed that the cognitive mechanisms underlying attachment styles are expectations about interaction with significant others. Two studies are described that assessed these relational schemata. The first study revealed that individuals of different attachment styles do have different expectations about likely patterns of interaction with a romantic partner in various interpersonal domains. The second study demonstrated the utility of the lexical decision task for examining interpersonal expectancies. When given a related context, secure subjects were quicker to identify words representing positive interpersonal outcomes, whereas insecure subjects were quicker to identify negative outcome words. Methodological and conceptual implications of a relational schema approach to attachment styles are discussed.

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The photostress test is a simple clinical technique that can differentiate between retinal and postretinal disease. Unfortunately a wide range of normal results have been reported in the literature and it is perhaps for this reason that the test has been little used by clinicians. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of photostress technique, age, ametropia, pupil size and acuity on photostress recovery time (PSRT) in normal subjects. Photostress recovery time was measured in 50 healthy subjects whose ages ranged from 21 to 69 using three clinically applicable techniques and a reference technique designed to bleach a consistent amount of photopigment. The agreement between each clinical technique and the reference technique was determined. Mean photostress recovery time differed for each of the techniques studied. Analysis of the data obtained with the reference and the best clinical technique showed that age was the only factor that had a significant effect on PSRT. The best clinical technique involves exposing the eye to the light from the direct ophthalmoscope for 30 s and measuring the time taken for acuity to return to within one line of pre-bleach acuity. Photostress recovery time increases with age but is independent of pupil size, ametropia and visual acuity.

BACKGROUND: The nature of the dispersion of clay platelets in a resin composite will play an important role in the process of enhancement of the physical properties of that material. This paper examines how different modifiers and the quantity of surface treatment for the Cloisite  range of organically modified clays affect properties in in situ polymerised poly(methyl methacrylate). Another clay which is a mixture of rod-and platelet-like minerals is also investigated to understand how the shape of the clay particles can affect the polymer properties.RESULTS: Five different clays, including Cloisite 30B and Cloisite 15A, were dispersed using ultrasound and the cure of the samples was monitored using the Strathclyde Rheometer. Rheology, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to determine that a good level of clay dispersion was achieved. The mixed mineral formed the most stable dispersion seen from settling tests. CONCLUSIONS:The cure accelerated in the presence of organoclay, although the affect was less pronounced at higher temperatures. The glass transition temperature was increased by 20 • C with only a few weight percent of clay and water uptake was not adversely affected.