After the Armistice of Mudros, which ended the First World War on behalf of the Ottoman Empire, Anatolia began to be occupied by the Allied Powers. After the Paris Peace Conference, Greece was included in this occupation process. The Greeks landed their soldiers in western Anatolia to occupy İzmir and its surroundings on May 15, 1919. The occupation of İzmir by the Greeks became the starting point of a new struggle on behalf of the Turkish nation. Upon the unfair occupations of the Allies, the Turkish nation started the National Struggle under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk). The National Struggle was primarily shaped by the Kuva-yı Milliye, an irregular resistance organization that fought against the enemy in gangs. However, the fact that the Kuva-yı Milliye was not an organized and disciplined structure, met its needs from the public by force and pressure, and most importantly, it failed to stop the Greek advance in Western Anatolia in the Battles of Gediz led to its abolition. In this context, with the decision taken on 8 November 1920, a regular army was established by the Turkish Grand National Assembly as an organized structure. A rebellion was started by Ethem, one of the chiefs of the Kuva-yı Milliye, who did not accept to be under the order of the regular army established by the Turkish Grand National Assembly. While the Turkish Grand National Assembly was trying to suppress the Circassian Ethem rebellion, the Greek forces took the advantage of the rebellion and attacked from Bursa and Uşak fronts on January 6, 1921 in order to expand the occupation areas in Anatolia and end the National Struggle. The Battle of İnönü began with the attack of the Greek army. The Battle of İnönü, which took place with the aim of eliminating the Turkish Grand National Assembly and having the Treaty of Sevres accepted by the Turks, occured in two stages. While the Greek offensive was shaped by 18 aircraft during the battles of İnönü, the Turkish army steered its air war duties and activities with its two aircraft. In this study, the effects of the air war missions and activities carried out during.

Other states were also involved in the First World War, which started as a result of the political struggle between England and Germany, on the axis of their own interests. In this context, the Ottoman Empire entered the First World War within the Alliance Group in order to recapture the lands it lost recently and regain its former power. The Ottoman Army entered the war with 6 active and flying aircraft and 6 pilots to use these aircraft. The Ottoman Commander-in-Chief tried to compensate for the lack of aviation with the aircraft, personnel, and mechanic it procured from Germany. In this context, during the war from Germany; 415 aircraft were recruited and air operations were carried out with 390 German pilots and 1740 German mechanics assigned to the Ottoman fronts. Meanwhile, Pilot Captain Serno was appointed as the head of Ottoman aviation with the permission of the German Commander-in-Chief. Although many studies have been conducted on the land battles of the First World War, the use of air power and its effect on the outcome of the war have not been sufficiently investigated yet. However, air power frontal battles; had an impact on the course of the war with aspects such as an attack, reconnaissance, bombardment, declaration, and material transfer. While the war was going on, the Ottoman Commander-in-Chief used some of the aircraft, pilots, and mechanics it supplied from Germany on the Sinai-Palestine Front. In this study, the cooperation between the Ottoman State and Germany in the field of aviation in the region, from the opening of the Sinai-Palestine Front to the end of the war, will be included using archive documents.

After the Armistice of Mudros, different regions and places of Anatolia were occupied by the Entente Powers. In this environment, the Ottoman armies were demobilized and only a very small force was allowed to remain in order to protect the country. The occupations led to the establishment of the National Defense Association and the National Forces in Anatolia. Meanwhile, with the departure of Mustafa Kemal Pasha to Samsun, the National Struggle began. After the War of Independence ended with military and political successes, the new Turkish State participated in the Lausanne Conference in order to confirm its existence as an independent state to the whole world. Turkey had to carry out diplomacy and war preparations in a coordinated manner during the period from the beginning of the Lausanne negotiations to the end. If the negotiations are interrupted while the Lausanne negotiations are continuing, military preparations have been continued in order to take the occupied Istanbul, Çanakkale, the Straits and Mosul with a military operation. Although the Turkish army laid down its arms with the Mudanya Armistice, it maintained its effectiveness by continuing its preparations during the conference. In the process, the activities of the air elements continued until the end of the Lausanne Peace Negotiations, within the framework of a possible new military operation to take Istanbul and its surroundings.