Prenatal classification of fetal CL-P correlates with fetal outcome. This classification should help counseling and management.

Prenatal sonographic findings were reviewed in 47 consecutive fetuses with trisomy 18. One or more abnormalities, excluding choroid plexus cysts, were found in 39 fetuses (83%), including 21 of 29 (72%) fetuses examined between 14 and 24 weeks and all 18 (100%) fetuses examined after 24 weeks. Abnormalities most frequently detected before 24 weeks in· eluded cystic hygromas, nuchal thickening, and mea ningomyelocele. Intrauterine growth retardation, cardiac defects, and an enlarged cisterna magna were detected more frequently after 24 weeks than before 24 weeks (P < 0.05). Intrauterine growth retardation was the single most common abnormality, detected in 51 % of all fetuses and 89% of fetuses examined after 24 weeks. Choroid plexus cysts were identified A wide variety of pathologic and sonographic abnormalities have been associated with trisomy 18.

No abstract

Interscalene block is always associated with diaphragmatic paralysis and respiratory compromise. The significance of these side effects after supraclavicular block is unknown. Using sensitive measures of respiratory function, we determined that diaphragmatic paralysis occurs less often with the supraclavicular approach and is not associated with respiratory difficulties in healthy subjects.

Our study showed that ductal carcinoma in situ may appear on sonography as calcifications, masses, or focally dilated ducts. Those lesions that were associated with masses or dilated ducts on sonography were more likely high-grade histologic specimens.