Applications of musculoskeletal sonography

Hashimoto, Beverly E.; Kramer, Dawna J.; Wiitala, L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0096(199907/08)27:6<293::aid-jcu1>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…14 A linear transducer with a high frequency was selected as it provides a uniform, wide field of view with a superior near-field resolution for imaging superficial structures, 15 such as adipose tissue. Ultrasound was selected as it was noninvasive, portable for use in the field and did not involve radiation.…”

Section: Internal Foot Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the feet of obese children fat or flat? Revisiting the debate

2010

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Objective: There is debate as to the effects of obesity on the developing feet of children. We aimed to determine whether the flatter foot structure characteristic of obese primary school-aged children was due to increased medial midfoot plantar fat pad thickness (fat feet) or due to structural lowering of the longitudinal arch (flat feet). Methods and procedures: Participants were 75 obese children (8.3±1.1 years, 26 boys, BMI 25.2±3.6 kg m À2 ) and 75 age-and sex-matched non-obese children (8.3 ± 0.9 years, BMI 15.9 ± 1.4 kg m À2 ). Height, weight and foot dimensions were measured with standard instrumentation. Medial midfoot plantar fat pad thickness and internal arch height were quantified using ultrasonography. Results: Obese children had significantly greater medial midfoot fat pad thickness relative to the leaner children during both non-weight bearing (5.4 and 4.6 mm, respectively; Po0.001) and weight bearing (4.7 and 4.3 mm, respectively; Po0.001). The obese children also displayed a lowered medial longitudinal arch height when compared to their leaner counterparts (23.5 and 24.5 mm, respectively; P ¼ 0.006). Conclusion: Obese children had significantly fatter and flatter feet compared to normal weight children. The functional and clinical relevance of the increased fatness and flatness values for the obese children remains unknown.

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Section: Internal Foot Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the feet of obese children fat or flat? Revisiting the debate

2010

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“…The UBM frequencies used in most applications vary from 40 to 60MHz, corresponding to a resolution on the order of micrometers. That range of frequencies allows the generation of images of muscular tissue of small animals similar to those acquired with conventional ultrasound for humans (Megliola et al, 2006;Jacobson, 1999;Hashimoto et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound biomicroscopy for biomechanical characterization of healthy and injured triceps surae of rats

Peixinho

Ribeiro

Resende

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Recently, Eng et al. (Eng et al., 2008) presented a study that examined muscle architecture and fiber type in the rat hindlimb to define the functional specialization of each muscle. Nevertheless, a literature search for studies quantifying skeletal muscle architectural parameters of rats in vivo was unsuccessful. Studies with animals related to the degeneration-regeneration process subsequent to muscle injury are restricted to in vitro analysis and do not permit longitudinal follow-up. SUMMARY This work describes the use of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to follow up the degeneration-regeneration process after a laceration injury induced in the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and soleus (SOL) muscles of rats. UBM (40MHz) images were acquiredand used for biomechanical characterization of muscular tissue, specifically using pennation angle (PA) and muscle thickness (MT). The animals were distributed in three groups: the variability group (VG; N5), the gastrocnemius injured group (GG; N6) and the soleus injured group (SG; N5). VG rats were used to assess data variability and reliability (coefficients of variation of 9.37 and 3.97% for PA and MT, respectively). GG and SG rats were submitted to the injury protocol in the LG and SOL muscles of the right legs, respectively. UBM images of muscles of both legs were acquired at the following time points: before and after injury (immediately, 7, 14, 21 and 28days). We observed an increase in PA for the non-injured leg 28days after injury for both GG and SG rats (GG10.68 to 16.53deg and SG9.65 to 14.06deg; P<0.05). Additionally, MT presented a tendency to increase (GG2.92 to 3.13mm and SG2.12 to 2.35mm). Injured legs maintained pre-injury PA and MT values. It is suggested that a compensatory hypertrophic response due to the overload condition imposed to healthy leg. The results indicate that UBM allows qualitative and quantitative muscle differentiation among healthy and injured muscle at different stages after lesion.

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“…In 1980 it was first discovered that diseased muscles showed a different ultrasound appearance compared to healthy muscles [11]. Next to neuromuscular disorders, malignancies, infections and hematomas and ruptures of the musculoskeletal system can also be detected with ultrasound [7,9,10,24]. Currently, ultrasound is widely available and ultrasound techniques have further improved, resulting in display of muscle tissue with resolutions up to 0.1 mm [8], which is higher than the resolution that can be achieved with for example 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which has a resolution up to 0.2 x 0.2 x 1.0 mm [38].…”

Section: Ultrasound Of Normal Muscle Tissue 2 Muscle Ultrasound In Nmentioning

confidence: 79%

Skeletal muscle ultrasound

Pillen

2010

Eur J Transl Myol

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Muscle ultrasound is a convenient technique to visualize normal and pathological muscle tissue as it is non-invasive and real-time. Neuromuscular disorders give rise to structural muscle changes that can be visualized with ultrasound: atrophy can be objectified by measuring muscle thickness, while infiltration of fat and fibrous tissue increase muscle echo intensity, i.e. the muscles become whiter on the ultrasound image. Muscle echo intensity need to be quantified to correct for age-related increase in echo intensity and differences between individual muscles. This can be done by gray scale analysis, a method that can be easily applied in daily clinical practice. Using this technique it is possible to detect neuromuscular disorders with predictive values of 90 percent. Only in young children and metabolic myopathies the sensitivity is lower. Ultrasound is a dynamic technique and therefore capable of visualizing normal and pathological muscle movements. Fasciculations can easily be differentiated from other muscle movements. Ultrasound appeared to be even more sensitive in detecting fasciculations compared to EMG and clinical observations, because it can visualize a large muscle area and deeper located muscles. With improving resolution and frame rate it has recently become clear that also smaller scale spontaneous muscle activity such as fibrillations can be detected by ultrasound. This opens the way to a broader use of muscle ultrasound in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve and muscle disorders.

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Applications of musculoskeletal sonography

Cited by 57 publications

References 139 publications

Are the feet of obese children fat or flat? Revisiting the debate

Are the feet of obese children fat or flat? Revisiting the debate

Ultrasound biomicroscopy for biomechanical characterization of healthy and injured triceps surae of rats

Skeletal muscle ultrasound

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