Introduction: In last few decades, rapid industrialization and the fast pace of life have brought both comforts and catastrophe like road traffic accidents and crippling many young lives. High velocity road traffic accidents are responsible for distal femur fractures more commonly observed in the young and middle aged patients. This necessitates early stabilization of fractures. Internal fixation is the choice of treatment in fractures distal femur and Locking Condylar plate has shown to give one of the best results in terms of recovery, fracture union, return to work and the functional outcome. Aims and objective: To study the outcome of open reduction and locking plate fixation of fractures of distal end of femur and to evaluate the effectiveness and complications of the Locking plate fixation method of treatment of fractures of distal end of femur. Material and Method: It is a prospective observational study. Conducted in patients admitted to Department of Orthopedics' at BLDEU'S Shri B.M. Patil's Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura with diagnosis of distal Femur fracture.The patients were informed about study in all respects and informed written consent was obtained. Period of study was between November 2017 to May 2019. Follow up period was for 6 months. Data was analysed by SPSS v21 and p-value <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In our study 22 cases studied in our series were with 18 males and 4 females' patients. 15 of the fractures were caused by road traffic accidents (RTA), 6 were due to fall and 1 was due to assault. 15 patients were with fracture on right side and 7 on left side. 1 was Muller's type A1, 6 were Muller's type A2, 4 were Muller's type A3, 1 was Muller's type C1, 6 were Muller's type C2 and remaining 4 were with Muller's type C3 fracture. The duration of time required by patients to bear full weight was with mean of 15.8 weeks of time. The radiological union was seen at median of 17 weeks following surgery. Average flexion in the study of the limb was 110º angles with more than 50% patients having knee range of motion more than 120º. The outcome in form of regaining the knee function is assessed using NEER's scoring system. The median NEER's score in study was 94.5. Among 22 patients included, 12 patients showed excellent outcome, 6 with good and 4 with fair outcome at the follow-up. Poor outcome was found in patients with Muller's type C3 and type A3 fractures. Conclusion:To conclude, Locking Compression Plate is an important armamentarium in treatment of fractures around knee especially when fracture is severely comminuted and in situations of osteoporosis. Fixation with locking condylar plate showed more effectiveness in severely osteoporotic bones, shorter post-operative stay, faster recovery, earlier union rates and excellent functional outcome compared to alternative procedures in other studies. Further study in large number of patients is required to comment regarding disadvantages and complications.

Introduction: Distal humerus fractures are uncommon injuries that account for fewer than 2%of all adult fractures. The aim of the study is to evaluate the functional outcome of the surgical management of distal humerus fractures in adults treated by various methods using the postoperative functional criteria by Riseborough and Radin. Materials and Methods: A Prospective clinical study was conducted over a period of 2 years which included 20 patients in tertiary care centre. The patients were treated with primary open reduction and internal fixation. Results: The average age of the patients in our study was 35.8 years with a range of 23-53 years. In our series, according the Riseborough and Radin criteria, the results were good in 50% patients, Fair in 35% and Poor in 15% patients. Conclusion:Operative treatment with rigid anatomical internal fixation should be the first line of treatment for all grades of Riseborough Radin intercondylar fractures, more so in young adults as it gives best chance to achieve good elbow function. Vigorous, active physiotherapy is a must for good results. Stable fixation allows early, active and aggressive post-operative mobilization.

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Background: Fusion of the spine is a type of treatment option when the movement of the spine is the source of the pain-the theory being that if the painful vertebrae do not move, they should not hurt.Posterior interbody fusion has many advantages compared to other methods of fusion. Aims and Objective:To study the functional outcome of lumbar diseases treated with single-level instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Material and Method: A hospital-based prospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics at a tertiary care center from November 2019 to May 2021. The patients were informed about the study in all respects and informed written consent was obtained. Follow up period was for 6 months. Results: A total of 30 patients were included in our study. The radiological union rate was found to be 73.3 percent. The average time taken for the procedure was 3.5 hours. The average blood loss was 237 milliliters. The improvement in the postoperative VAS score at the six-month mark was drastic and significant, as proven by a "p-value" of < 0.0001. Improvement in quality of life, an assessment, based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test comparing Oswestry Disability score (ODS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) preoperatively and postoperatively, was statistically significant, showing a reduction in Oswestry Disability index and score postoperatively, indicating significant improvement in the quality of life. Conclusion: PLIF is used to treat a degenerative disc with narrowing disc space, spinal canal stenosis, or a case of spondylolisthesis that hasn't responded to conservative treatment. In light of the results and minimal complication rate, we would recommend the PLIF technique combined with bone grafting as an appropriate technique for spondylolisthesis and degenerative disc disease.

Introduction: Fracture healing is a form of wound healing that involves bone regeneration and leads to the restoration of skeletal integrity. Despite recent developments fracture stabilisation and understanding of biological healing processes, delayed union remains a challenging clinical condition. Bone marrow being abundant in osteoprogenitor cells is being tried to enhance the fracture healing. This study emphasizes the proficiency of bone marrow injected at the fracture site with delayed union and to reduce the time of morbidity for patients who are at the risk of development of non-union. Aim: To study the union rates and complications of percutaneous bone marrow injection at the site of delayed union of long bone fractures.