Atividades antrópicas têm causado a elevação da concentração dos gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera, principalmente devido mudanças causadas no uso da terra, que alteram a capacidade dos solos em armazenar o CO2. O presente estudo busca revisar publicações atuais sobre mudanças no estoque de carbono do solo sob diferentes coberturas vegetais publicados nos últimos anos e realizar uma avaliação crítica e sistêmica do assunto, considerando as metodologias utilizadas em cada trabalho e os diferentes tipos de manejo e uso dos solos em várias regiões do Brasil. Para a coleta de dados foram selecionados 35 artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos que se correlacionavam com o tema. Feito o levantamento dos artigos buscou-se caracterizar os ecossistemas brasileiros e resumir os principais dados publicados sobre os estoques de carbono nos ecossistemas e posteriormente os as estimativas dos estoques em ambientes sob mudança uso do solo. Os resultados apontaram que as diferentes coberturas vegetais apresentam distintas, entretanto positiva capacidade em estocar carbono no solo no Brasil e que variáveis como o manejo, a textura, atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos são fatores significativos e podem e influenciam diretamente nos resultados.

Multivariate statistical methods can contribute significantly to classification studies of extra virgin and common olive oil groups. Therefore, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to discriminate olive oil samples, multivariate statistical techniques Principal Component Analysis - PCA, Fuzzy Cluster, Silhouette Validation Method to describe and classify. The groups' distinction into organic and common was observed by applying the non-hierarchical Fuzzy grouping with a distinction between the two groups with a 65% confidence interval. The validation was performed by the silhouette index that presented S (i) of 0.73, which showed that the adopted grouping presented adequate strength and distinction criterion. However, PCA only analyzed the behaviors of data from extra virgin olive oil. Thus, the Fuzzy clustering method was the most suitable for classifying extra virgin olive oil.

The winds are of fundamental importance in the terrestrial dynamics; Represent one of the main elements influencing various climate phenomena such as soil erosion, pollutant dispersion, seed transport and generation of wind energy. The characterization of the wind at any point of the atmosphere takes two parameters: Speed and direction, which are instantaneous quantities because they depend on conditions such as atmospheric pressure gradient originating displacement of air masses at different temperatures. Accurate information on wind speed is important as it plays a significant role in the application efficiency. Considering the importance of understanding the behavior of the wind, this work, was aimed to characterize the average wind speeds for the city of Teresina, located in the state of Piauí, Brazil. We used 1976 to 2019 data on wind speed of 10 meters height obtained fromthe records of the conventional meteorological station of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). The highest wind speed is in July to November with speed ranging from 1.6 to 1.8 m/s and the lowest wind speeds are centered in the months from December to April with oscillation 1.3 to 1.5 m.s-1.

Currently, the increase in the environmental radioactivity levels was due to anthropic activities, such as the oil industries that produce around 2.5x104 to 2.25x105 tons of contaminated materials per year. Thus, the study aimed to determine the 210Pb concentrations in the estuarine region of the SUAPE industrial complex in the state of Pernambuco. The 210Pb concentrations were determined in soil, sediment, fish, and leaf samples, using ion exchange and gamma spectrometry methods. 210Pb concentrations in soils, sediments, fish, and mangrove leaves ranged from less than LD (Detection Limit) to 992.35 Bq.kg-1. The results showed that the area related to the preoperational situation found values above those estimated for regions considered natural, presenting anthropogenic interference.

The construction of environmental indicators has allowed improving management models of natural resources through the evaluation of measures adopted and the monitoring of strategic actions to be used in the search for sustainable development. This work aimed at the construction and evaluation of indicators related to changes in carbon behavior due to changes of vegetation cover in the southern cerrado of Tocantins. The methodology adopted was from the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), the Pressure-State-Impact/Effect-Response (PSI/ER) framework, for the construction of a matrix. For the validation of indicators, specific methodologies were used according to technical standards. The proposed matrix considers the following indicators: soil carbon, carbon stocks in humic fractions, labile carbon - C-Labile and carbon stocks in light organic matter - LOM. The use of indicators presented in this work is of great importance for the monitoring of carbon caused by changes in vegetation cover in the southern cerrado of Tocantins, as a subsidy for policies and actions aimed at reducing the impacts of environmental degradation.