No abstract

No abstract

Water glycol fluids are commonly used as fire-resistant hydraulic fluids, particularly in areas where fires cannot be tolerated, such as foundries, steel mills and mines. However, they have the disadvantage that their wear resistance is unsatisfactory. Hence, there is a need for an additive package which overcomes this poor wear resistance. In order to design an effective water glycol hydraulic fluid for this purpose, four additive packages were considered. The performance of the lubricant composition developed with these packages is studied in detail. The physico-chemical and tribological properties of the formulations were determined using standard methods. The load-carrying properties were studied by four-ball and Timken load methods. The antiwear performance and coefficient of friction were studied by using four-ball and Schwingung Reibung Verschleiss test methods. The topography and surface analysis were carried out using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques.

No abstract

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Blending of primary alcohol in gasoline surges the vapour pressure significantly and exhibits azeotrope behaviour that effect severely on the atmospheric distillation yields. In this experiment, primary alcohol (Ethanol) were blended in varied volumetric proportion (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) with hydrocracked gasoline, influence on volatility behaviour and distillation properties were investigated. Physical properties of this blends were investigated for vapour pressure (VP), VLI, DI and distillation which were selected to evaluate the influence of alcohol in azeotrope behaviour of the fuel mix reflected through pattern of distillation curve (temperature vs % recovery range). This fuel mix exhibited rise in recovery at 70⁰C (E70), VP, VLI and area of azeotrope with increase in % of alcohol volume in gasoline blend. A linear equation is established from the distillation data to predict the impact of % ethanol on % volume recovery and maximum temperature drop in distillation test of gasoline-ethanol fuel blends. Addition of non-ionic surfactant in ethanol blended gasoline (E20) reduces the azeotrope behaviour significantly and flattens the distillation curve. E70, vapour lock index (VLI), driveability index (DI) and area of azeotrope reduces proportionately with the increment of surfactant dosage (%) in E20. This provides a useful information for designing a suitable ethanol blended gasoline fuel, dedicated to spark ignition engine for all weather conditions.</div></div>